Laura: Hello and welcome to another episode of Lexx Education, the comedy science podcast, where a comedian who loves her brother very much and whose name is Laura Lexx does a podcast where her brother is there and they like each other despite the arguing.
Laura: Hello, Ron.
Ron: Weird start.
Ron: Weird.
Laura: Well, everybody was very uncomfortable with how much rowing we did last week, Ron.
Laura: I just felt like we got real mad at each other.
Laura: It was because you wouldn't shut up about those magnets.
Laura: So I just wanted to start.
Laura: I just wanted to start gently and reassuringly and to just say, hey, guys, no two people have ever been better, friendlier brother and sister than me.
Ron: And Ron, remind me to tell dad about that when we record that episode in a sec.
Laura: No, I will not.
Laura: I won't do it.
Laura: How are you, Ron?
Laura: I'm not going to rise to this laughing listeners, just so you know.
Laura: I'm going to just be chill and calm and kind.
Ron: I'm good, thanks.
Ron: How are you doing?
Laura: I'm very good.
Laura: I've been on a long walk this morning.
Laura: I walked 9 km this morning.
Ron: Goodness.
Ron: Why'd you do that?
Laura: Because it's rained so much in the last couple of days that Mackie and I hadn't been able to get out for a walk, so I wanted to take her on a proper leg stretch.
Laura: And there's a route that we do that I sort of did backwards.
Laura: And then there's a stretch of it where when the foliage is up high, it shields us a bit better from the road.
Laura: But today the foliage wasn't very high and Mackay barks at lorries a lot.
Laura: So we took a little detour off that cycle path and it added quite a considerable walk to the walk.
Laura: But also I'm really enjoying my audiobook so I didn't really mind.
Ron: It's nice.
Ron: I've just been working.
Ron: Work.
Ron: Saw some comedy yesterday.
Ron: I had band practice on Wednesday.
Ron: I had mexican food on Tuesday.
Ron: Monday.
Ron: What was Monday for me?
Ron: What was Monday?
Laura: Recovering from Leicester, probably.
Ron: I think I did have.
Ron: Oh, I think what did I.
Laura: Did you have a date?
Speaker C: Was that Tuesday?
Ron: That was Tuesday.
Ron: We don't have to talk about this, Laura.
Ron: I don't know why you always want to talk about it.
Laura: I just like to know and you don't tell me off the microphone, so I might as well ask on the microphone.
Ron: Did Shizzy come over on Monday evening?
Ron: Maybe.
Laura: The gentle boy.
Ron: The gentle boy?
Ron: Yeah, I think we played video games.
Laura: That's nice.
Laura: Yeah, I've done a lot of work this week and yeah, it's been very nice.
Laura: Looking forward to the weekend.
Laura: It's the masters on Sunday.
Ron: Fun.
Laura: Yep.
Laura: Every year, Matthew Grant, noise next door member and friend of the podcast, holds the mafters for his birthday, which is the Matthew BAFTAs.
Laura: And we all have to make a short film and then attend the premiere.
Laura: So we get to get very dressed up and we all watch each other's tiny short films and he gives us awards and it's great.
Ron: Matt is one of those people where, I think every sort of friend, group or person has those ideas where wouldn't be fun if we did something like that.
Ron: And he's one of those people that actually does them.
Ron: It makes him very cool.
Laura: Yeah, it's a lot of fun.
Laura: So, looking forward to the weekend.
Laura: What admin do we need to do before this?
Laura: Now, this episode, we talk a lot at the top of this episode about how the timeline is very screwed up and about how several segments that had happened in the previous episodes are not continued in this one because they'd been pre recorded.
Laura: There'd been a gap.
Laura: The timeline is even more f***** by the fact that I deleted those episodes.
Laura: So the segments that we're referring to that we then say we hadn't carried on, Ron suddenly does a new scientist segment because he'd missed it in the previous one.
Laura: But we have deleted the episode, have we?
Laura: No, but there is one in this episode, Ron.
Ron: So I don't need to do this.
Ron: Okay.
Laura: No, but we should bring it back.
Laura: So the usual timeline fuckery is even worse due to the deletion of several episodes.
Ron: Can these be the last redoes we do of 2024?
Laura: I hope so, Ron.
Laura: I've started putting even the ones I'm editing in the drive so that even if I delete them, they should still be there.
Laura: But who knows?
Laura: Ron, that's good.
Ron: That's good to know.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: So just to warn you about that, when we're chatting about stuff, you haven't missed anything.
Laura: I probably deleted it.
Laura: Ron, we really, coincidentally, we talk about primates in your new scientist segment.
Laura: In this episode, we talk about primates.
Laura: And we saw all the primates at Twycross Zoo on Sunday.
Ron: We literally saw all of the primates.
Laura: I saw an orangutan in the wild.
Laura: Not in the wild, in a zoo for the first time.
Speaker C: I don't think I've ever seen a.
Laura: Live orangutan before, like, not on a television show.
Ron: It was cool.
Laura: It was really cool.
Laura: There was a seven year old kid and a mum and a dad and.
Ron: A big old flanged male.
Ron: Flanged.
Laura: A f*** yeah.
Laura: It was awesome.
Laura: And soon, in a couple of years, the seven year old will move off to another zoo and be part of the breeding program just to keep them going a little bit because they're not having a good time in the wild.
Ron: No.
Ron: And he told us about palm oil.
Laura: He did.
Laura: He told us that as long as it's sustainable, palm oil is a great crop.
Laura: So I had palm oil for breakfast.
Laura: Jug of palm oil.
Ron: I had oil.
Ron: Palm.
Ron: I got the wrong thing, Ron.
Laura: What?
Laura: You just licked your hand.
Ron: Yeah, just oiled my.
Ron: Greased my palms.
Laura: Yeah.
Speaker C: Oh.
Laura: Why were we at Twycross Zoo, Ron?
Laura: Oh, because we were in Leicester festival doing a live show, and that live show is going out on the Patreon on the 29 march.
Laura: And let me tell you, you are going to want to hear that.
Laura: We won't discuss it until it's gone out because we don't want to spoil any content for anyone.
Laura: But trust me, you're going to want to hear it.
Laura: So sign up to the Patreon.
Laura: Speaking of the Patreon, there's also a new episode out on Friday if you want to hear a geography lesson.
Laura: Why are you literally sending messages to the siblings WhatsApp group right now?
Ron: You should listen to it right now.
Laura: I'm in that group, Ron.
Ron: Yeah, listen to it.
Ron: I knew that you were in it.
Ron: Don't listen to it on Mike because it's a bit.
Ron: I had to edit out of the podcast.
Laura: You got to see the entire extended family at a funeral.
Laura: Oh, yeah, I noticed your careful editing of that.
Laura: I have noticed, though, that in an upcoming episode, you refer to younger sister of the podcast as very dull.
Laura: And I think we were joking because we know we listen, but I just want to get ahead of that and say, hey, younger sister of the podcast.
Laura: One, thank you for your text checking that we had meant to put a Patreon episode out on the main feed we had.
Laura: And two, we don't think you're very dull.
Laura: I'm pretty sure Ron was winding you up.
Ron: Yeah, I think I call your daughter really dull in this episode.
Laura: No, you call her a c***, Ron.
Ron: I think I say that she's dull.
Laura: I think it's worse than that.
Laura: Not happy with you.
Laura: Anyway, go forth and listen, and we will see you on the other side.
Ron: Bye.
Speaker C: There we go.
Speaker C: Hello, Ron.
Speaker C: Now, fans from last week remember how I'm feeling today.
Speaker C: But how are you, Ron?
Ron: Yeah, I'm really happy at the.
Ron: Ah, yeah, I'm doing really good.
Speaker C: Those headphones, man.
Speaker C: We should speak to the manufacturers about them getting a sponsorship deal.
Speaker C: Are there more adverts on today's episode?
Ron: No.
Ron: I'd never claimed that was going to be a segment.
Speaker C: No fair.
Ron: That was just me being creative and fun, whimsical.
Ron: Ron should have done one for the quiz, though, really, shouldn't I?
Speaker C: But, oh, hey, let's not expect Ron to stick to his.
Ron: No, no.
Ron: Although we haven't actually done that.
Ron: We haven't recorded the quiz for that yet, so maybe I will.
Ron: Oh, God.
Ron: The timeline of this podcast is now listener.
Ron: We have a backlog of two quizzes.
Speaker C: Oh, yeah.
Ron: At the moment.
Speaker C: So it was two weeks ago that people found out how I was, but had to wait to find out how you were.
Ron: Oh, God.
Ron: Which also means that my new scientist segment is going to be missing a week as well.
Speaker C: No.
Speaker C: We might be able to put one in the quiz for last week.
Speaker C: Next week to do it for last week.
Ron: Bloody h***.
Speaker C: What a mess.
Speaker C: What a giant mess.
Speaker C: Well, we will need one in the quiz for last week because my notes are five words long.
Ron: Okay, I'll try and remember to do a.
Speaker C: Wait.
Speaker C: The quiz for last week I'm supposed to do homework for.
Ron: Oh, yeah.
Speaker C: I need to write that on my to do list.
Speaker C: You start your new scientist bit while I write that.
Ron: Okay.
Ron: You're not leaving.
Ron: You can still hear me?
Speaker C: Yeah.
Ron: So I don't know if you can remember what we were doing last time in biology, Laura.
Speaker C: Sex.
Ron: So we're doing meiosis.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: And sort of cell division mitosis.
Speaker C: And the differences.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So we're covering.
Speaker C: A lot of ground has kicked in now.
Speaker C: I feel like trembly.
Ron: You seem peppy, and you're less shiny than you were half an hour ago.
Speaker C: I think it's just that I tilted the lamp different.
Ron: Yeah, you are.
Ron: No, there's a certain matte quality to your face now that there wasn't before.
Speaker C: I've absorbed my moisturizer.
Ron: I'm still moisturizing.
Speaker C: By the way, what just happened in your throat?
Speaker C: Did you get a throat bubble?
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: Have you bought face moisturizer, though?
Speaker C: Are you using arm moisturizer?
Ron: No.
Ron: What's the difference?
Speaker C: I told you, they're lighter creams, so you absorb them differently into your skin.
Speaker C: And they have different things for skin that's exposed all day.
Ron: You didn't say these things.
Speaker C: I did.
Ron: No, you said that.
Ron: No.
Speaker C: Roll rebuttal.
Ron: No.
Laura: Two points, Laura.
Ron: Two points, Laura.
Ron: Two points, Laura.
Ron: Two points, Laura.
Ron: Two points.
Ron: Two points, Laura.
Ron: Two points.
Ron: I have just two short points that I would like to make.
Ron: Can I make those points?
Ron: I would like to make just two quick points really quickly.
Ron: I just want to make two points.
Speaker C: I just want to make two points.
Ron: Can I make.
Ron: Just make two points.
Ron: Point number one, I remember this.
Ron: And you did say about the face being exposed more, but you did not say anything about absorption rate or thickness or thinness of the moisturizer, because what I said to you saying that was, well, it's better than nothing, because I wasn't using anything to moisturize my face before.
Ron: That's point number one.
Speaker C: But I did.
Speaker C: You will get spots and stuff, and that's because a thick moisturizer will clog your pores, which is what I said.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: And I have been getting spots.
Ron: But you've been getting spots too, with all of your face moisturizers.
Ron: We talked about that as well.
Speaker C: Yeah, but my spots have gone now.
Ron: My spots have been replaced by different ones.
Ron: That's fine.
Ron: Point number two, you cannot claim a role reversal while shouting through an imaginary trumpet.
Speaker C: They didn't know that.
Ron: Yeah, that was just for me, really.
Speaker C: Think about the fact that it's doing it.
Speaker C: Is it?
Speaker C: Mike plays the trumpet.
Speaker C: Hey, Mike, I just played the trumpet.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: That's like Mike's thing.
Speaker C: Yeah, trumpet Mike.
Ron: Trumpet Mike.
Speaker C: Oh, maybe his thing on the tea towel will just be a trumpet.
Ron: Maybe that's for Mike to say.
Ron: So, the new scientist bit, and it links into what we're going to be going through today, which is, as I was saying before we really started shouting at each other, was we're retreading a lot of the ground that we've done in the live shows around, like, dna and evolution and inheritance and stuff.
Ron: So, cool thing, Laura, did you know that humans aren't the only animals on earth that use tools?
Speaker C: Yes, some monkeys use stones to crack nuts and stuff.
Ron: Exactly, yes.
Ron: Some monkeys live in the stone age.
Ron: There are only four populations of monkeys that this has been observed in.
Ron: Or not populations of monkeys, but types of monkeys.
Ron: Types of apes, rather.
Ron: Oh, God.
Ron: I always.
Speaker C: Yeah, primates.
Speaker C: Mammals.
Ron: No.
Ron: Yes, primates.
Speaker C: Mammals.
Ron: Four primates.
Ron: They are all mammals.
Ron: Four.
Ron: Four types of primates.
Ron: So it's chimpanzees, bearded capuchins, yellow breasted capuchins, white faced capuchins.
Ron: Sorry, it's five.
Ron: And burmese long tailed macaques are the only types that they've ever seen using stone tools.
Ron: However, a 6th group has now been observed doing it on the island of coped, near Thailand, in Thailand, because of the Covid-19 crisis.
Speaker C: What, like, they learned to do it because of a shortage of food or something during that time.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So tourists stopped going to this island, stopped feeding all the monkeys, so they got hungry and they started using stone tools.
Ron: Now, what makes this really, really interesting, apart from the fact that getting to observe a population develop a behavior is so rare, because when you look at the fossil record of something, they would very rarely die with a stone in their hand, cracking a nut.
Ron: So we have no idea how these things happen, really, with populations.
Ron: So to be able to see that is so interesting.
Ron: But what's even more interesting than that is this specific population of what was the type of monkey?
Ron: Where is it?
Ron: These are common long tailed macaques.
Ron: They have tried to teach them this before because these long tailed macaques are obviously quite closely related to the burmese long tail macaques that already use stones.
Ron: So previously, someone has tried to teach them how to use stone tools, but because they had readily available food, they just didn't pick it up.
Ron: They didn't bother.
Ron: So it's really interesting that the driving factor is obviously not intelligence or the manipulation of the tool, or even maybe just the knowledge that you could use a rock to do it, they had to be faced with the selective pressure of not enough food to do it.
Speaker C: Yeah, that is interesting.
Ron: Yeah, super cool stuff.
Ron: They didn't go there for ages.
Ron: And then someone went to the island in July 2022, and they saw two adult monkeys using pebbles to break open an oyster.
Ron: And then when they came back in March 2023, they saw 17 monkeys doing it.
Ron: So the behavior is spreading as well.
Speaker C: That's really interesting.
Speaker C: Are they going to carry on studying it to see as tourists have obviously been coming back over the last few years?
Ron: Well, that's good question, Laura.
Ron: So obviously, they will keep up to date with it, because also they want to track things.
Ron: Like, if they see one monkey doing it, who does that monkey socialize with afterwards?
Ron: Like, are the monkeys communicating to each other that you can smash.
Laura: The children.
Speaker C: Of the smashers that are picking it up?
Ron: Yeah, but it does say yeah.
Ron: However, tourists are visiting coped and feeding them a cactus.
Ron: So the team says this might cause the monkeys to just stop using the tool, which means they won't be able to study it anymore.
Speaker C: Interesting.
Speaker C: It makes me think, like, I would want to also have a look and see if there are behaviors that they're displaying because of the tourists.
Speaker C: Like, do they smile more or are smaller monkeys fed more?
Speaker C: Or are they doing, they say, like, dogs evolved eyebrow muscles because humans find it.
Speaker C: Are there things like that that they are doing, or like cocking their head to one side and stuff like that.
Speaker C: Like things that get humans to go and feed them.
Ron: Yeah, that would be interesting how easily they pick up manipulating humans like that.
Speaker C: Yeah, we are easily manipulated.
Ron: So that is the new scientist of the day.
Speaker C: Thanks, new scientist.
Speaker C: Now back to your two favorite old scientists.
Speaker C: It's us.
Ron: Hello, I'm Ron.
Ron: I'm Laura.
Speaker C: Now itching because they're so dry.
Ron: We really are.
Ron: Right back into the weeds of the podcast.
Speaker C: What do you mean right back into the weeds?
Speaker C: I thought you liked all this dna discussion.
Ron: Yeah, no, I was talking about you talking about your dry, calloused, cracked hands.
Speaker C: Because I've just been swimming and so obviously they get dry in the swimming pool.
Speaker C: And then I had to push child of the podcast bike home, so my hand was exposed because I didn't have my gloves.
Ron: Yeah, I was canvassing for the Green party on Saturday.
Speaker C: Yeah, that sounds like my nightmare.
Speaker C: What was it like knocking on doors?
Ron: So I was quite not necessarily nervous about it because I talked to people for a living, but I certainly wasn't really looking forward to it.
Ron: But it was actually great.
Ron: It was really nice.
Ron: Yeah, I think it's my experience of cold calling for work before, where I was expecting people to just be not confrontational, but act as if I was really interrupting them.
Ron: Yeah, I had several people thank me for what we were doing and stuff.
Ron: People were really keen.
Ron: I think a lot of people, especially in Bristol, where Green, personally, I think vote for the party that reflects your interests the most.
Ron: I used to be a tactical voter.
Ron: I don't believe in it anymore, but I do understand why people tactically vote.
Ron: And the thing that I got most from it is that I think people didn't understand that you can vote Green without it throwing away your vote in that ward, which is why we're campaigning there so much, because Carla Denier is only four points behind the Labour candidate at the moment.
Ron: So greens can get in there and then you've got a green voice in parliament.
Ron: I genuinely believe everyone I spoke to wanted to vote Green, but they didn't know that they could really before it was a very young lefty area of Bristol, so obviously a bit of an echo chamber and people that were doing different streets because there's large groups of caribbean people there as well.
Ron: And apparently they were very apolitical because they haven't felt represented by the people that have been in there before.
Ron: So other people that were doing different areas had very different conversations to me, but it was very, very good apart from the fact I was just kind of walking around for 6 hours in the cold with no gloves, which is why I brought this up.
Speaker C: Oh, do you want me to knit you some gloves?
Ron: Yes, but probably for next year now.
Speaker C: Okay.
Speaker C: Yeah, they can be fingerless, if you'd.
Ron: No, no, just normal gloves.
Ron: Not mittens.
Ron: I hate mittens.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Really hate mittens.
Speaker C: Because of Carly Rae Jepsen?
Ron: No.
Ron: Your analysis of that song really rallied it for me.
Ron: I don't like my hands being in bags.
Ron: Yeah, I'm really quite against socks as well.
Ron: I hate wearing socks.
Speaker C: Did you ever have toe socks when you were younger?
Speaker C: Do you remember when that was a.
Ron: Thing for a.
Ron: Yeah, honestly, it was before sensory processing things were a problem.
Ron: But I think you could have written a paper on me trying to wear those.
Ron: I hated it.
Ron: Right.
Ron: So we're doing DNA and the genome today, Laura.
Ron: Now we have covered this all before.
Ron: We got into a bit of a screaming s*** fit on the last biology episode because I expected you to remember stuff from the live shows.
Ron: I will not make the same mistake again, but so that I'm not just teaching you stuff that you might already know, Laura, what is DNA?
Speaker C: DNA?
Laura: Are you googling it?
Ron: Why are you being weird?
Speaker C: I'm thinking.
Ron: Yeah, but you're typing.
Speaker C: I'm putting DNA in the genome on the spreadsheet now.
Speaker C: Yeah, before I forget what the episode is about.
Speaker C: DNA is a recipe for protein in a double helix inside every cell in the nucleus.
Speaker C: And it is four different things in different orders that program your body.
Ron: So bring it back to the simplest answer to it because DNA contains all of those things.
Ron: But DNA is not all of those things that you just said.
Ron: DNA is those four bases that you've just said there.
Speaker C: Bases?
Ron: Bases, yeah.
Ron: DNA is deoxyribosenucleic acid.
Ron: It's made of four bases.
Ron: Can you remember any of them?
Speaker C: AGCT.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: That is adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine.
Speaker C: Yes, because guanine sounds like bat poo.
Ron: Guano.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
Ron: Thymine.
Laura: Yeah, thymine.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So that's DNA.
Ron: DNA is just a polymer really.
Ron: Like when you're talking about it in its simplest form, it's just a polymer.
Ron: It's a lot like.
Ron: Nucleotides are similar to amino acids, which are nucleotide.
Ron: It's one of the bases.
Ron: Those are nucleotides.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Nucleic acid, nucleotide.
Speaker C: Nucleotide.
Ron: I think it's nucleotide when you spell it.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: It's a code.
Ron: My next question was going to be, how is it structured?
Ron: You've already said, there it is, a helix.
Ron: Can you tell me about the strands of it?
Speaker C: No.
Ron: How many strands are there?
Speaker C: Two.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: I said it was a double helix.
Ron: Yeah, just requalifying.
Ron: I'm not trying to say anything by.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: What'S the genome, Laura?
Speaker C: Is the genome like a segment of the.
Ron: No, no.
Ron: You've got a genome.
Ron: I've got a genome.
Speaker C: You've all got a genome.
Ron: A raccoon's got a genome.
Speaker C: A raccoon's got a genome.
Speaker C: Incomes a gnome with gold chains all around his deck I'm the absolute g.
Ron: Like a 21st century David Bowie.
Speaker C: What is a genome?
Speaker C: Genome is the.
Ron: What if I told you that our genomes are 50%.
Ron: No.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Our genomes are very, very similar.
Ron: Your genome is very different to someone else that you're not related to.
Ron: If you're an identical twin, you've got the same genome as them.
Speaker C: So it's something to do with hereditary stuff.
Ron: It is something to do with hereditary stuff, yeah.
Speaker C: Is it what you inherited off your parents?
Ron: The genome is a word that just means all of your genetic material.
Speaker C: Okay.
Speaker C: I'm learning so much today.
Ron: That's good, isn't it?
Speaker C: All of your genetic material equals your gene.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: Okay, what was the name for the little bits that were like the chain carriages?
Speaker C: A gene gene that was quite close to a genome.
Ron: Well, yeah, because the genes make up a.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: What's a gene, Laura?
Speaker C: It's a little section of your dna that codes for a certain thing.
Speaker C: Like the brown hair section.
Speaker C: That would be a gene.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: And when you say codes for a certain thing, what are those things?
Speaker C: A trait.
Ron: On a molecular scale.
Ron: Because it always codes for that one thing.
Ron: What always?
Ron: Genes are recipes for a specific protein.
Ron: Yes, absolutely.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So a gene will relate to a sequence of amino acids.
Speaker C: Hang on, hang on, hang on.
Speaker C: So a sequence of the AGC and T's.
Ron: No, so the AGC and T's are the nucleotides.
Ron: The sequence of those will code for another sequence of amino acids.
Speaker C: Right.
Speaker C: It's convoluted, isn't it?
Ron: No, it all makes sense.
Ron: Do you remember when this was the first live show that we back in.
Speaker C: September, picture the photos of the London podcast festival?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So three of the nucleotides that code.
Speaker C: One amino acid, don't they change their letters halfway through?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So you've got messenger rna in the middle, but we don't need to learn that for GCSE great.
Ron: But the sequence of amino acids, basically a protein is a polymer in the same way that DNA is a polymer, like, it's just a long string.
Ron: But the difference with a protein is that for globular proteins, anyway, it gets all folded up in specific ways, and then that's how you make your protein.
Ron: Don't worry about that.
Ron: Just know that a protein is a sequence of amino acids.
Ron: Amino acids physically.
Speaker C: Hear the crickets in my head.
Ron: Then amino acids are the monomer.
Ron: Proteins are the polymer.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Laura.
Speaker C: Yep.
Ron: Why do you.
Speaker C: Think that that should be the word for s******* your plants?
Laura: Oh, my God.
Speaker C: I've discudied myself.
Ron: That's horrifying.
Speaker C: But it sounds right, doesn't it?
Ron: Oh, God.
Speaker C: Studied himself in geography.
Ron: Hang on.
Ron: I asked the discord for science, facts or puns, and then I forgot to read any of it out.
Speaker C: How many weeks ago did you ask for them?
Ron: I asked this an hour ago.
Ron: Now ruling that one out.
Ron: Steven, I don't like element jokes from the periodic table.
Speaker C: Plus, I did them all in rusty sugar.
Ron: Yeah, that's neither a fact nor a pun.
Ron: That's a joke.
Ron: Neil says dogs can't operate MRI machines, but cats, I know, that's a lovely bit of business.
Ron: The closest planet to Earth, on average, is mercury.
Ron: Interesting.
Speaker C: I love that we interrupted an episode that was actually flowing really well to do this.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Neil wins with the CAT scan that got read out.
Ron: Okay, back to the episode.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Laura, why do you think it's important to discudy the genome?
Speaker C: Something really itchy in my pants?
Speaker C: Grit my pajamas.
Speaker C: Older sister of the podcast made them for me.
Ron: That's nice.
Speaker C: They're tie dye, and I washed them.
Speaker C: And you know that material I've got.
Speaker C: That's got all the macramade wrappers on it?
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: That's purple now.
Ron: Okay.
Speaker C: Yeah, I don't hate it.
Speaker C: What did you say?
Speaker C: What's the question?
Ron: Why is it important to understand and study the human genome?
Speaker C: So that we understand why we are the way we are and what is learned and what is hereditary, what illnesses get passed on, what combinations of genes in people make good or bad combos, and how we can maybe change things about you once you're already a person?
Speaker C: Like, if it's this gene that makes your b*** not work or something, can you cut that out or change it?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Wow.
Ron: Really good.
Ron: I don't think you said anything there that was wrong.
Ron: You went over and above the scope of the GCSE stuff, and we are missing one, though.
Ron: So I'll try and lead you to that in a second.
Ron: On the sort of the disease side of things, all it needs you to sort of understand and kind of be able to discuss is the search for genes linked to different types of disease and understanding gone negative there.
Speaker C: Let's look for skills, too, brother.
Speaker C: Like, let's look at some Olympians and find.
Ron: No.
Laura: Is that eugenics?
Ron: That's eugenics.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Shut that s*** right down.
Speaker C: Is it such a bad thing?
Ron: Yes.
Speaker C: Always.
Ron: Yes.
Speaker C: Always.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: Eugenics is always bad.
Speaker C: Even if it makes us better.
Ron: Yes.
Speaker C: If we're allowed to eradicate diseases, though, why aren't we allowed to know about good things?
Ron: We do want to know about good things, but the true fact of biology, and it's the misunderstanding that right wingers always have, is the misunderstanding of survival of the fittest.
Ron: And as I've drilled into you many a time, evolution happens to a population, not to an individual.
Ron: So you have to think about the fitness of the group, and that only comes from biodiversity and variety within that group.
Laura: Yeah.
Speaker C: So we can't just breed a load of Olympic gold medalists and breed a super race.
Ron: No.
Ron: And I think even Olympic gold medalists would agree that a society of just them would not be as valuable, interesting as the one that we have now.
Speaker C: Need the occasional me.
Ron: Exactly.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: You are a beautiful and important strand in the human tapestry, and we need all of these different things to get better.
Ron: You have to have different opinions, viewpoints, and experiences, so trying to get any kind of uniformity in it, and that's not even talking about the fact that we only half f****** understand a lot of this stuff.
Ron: So you could breed something into a whole population and then find out, like, 20 years down the line that it's linked to some other problem.
Ron: So don't go messing with that.
Ron: The reason why, I just want to.
Speaker C: Be able to reach the top shelf, so I'd like to be taller, but then you'd have to change all the airplanes because actually, I have a lot of legroom and I wouldn't want to give that up.
Ron: Exactly.
Ron: And the reason why a lot of these things are kind of linked to negative things, but also do think about the fact that it's not negative because you help people that are suffering from these diseases by just focusing on that.
Ron: The reason why you focus on that is because they're often very discrete.
Ron: Things like someone's ability to do something will usually be a multi gene thing.
Ron: Things have come together for them that have made them excel in this, because a multitude of genes are just optimal for it, whereas diseases often come down to single points of failure.
Speaker C: Interesting.
Ron: One protein in one pathway is deformed and then suddenly you're not dealing with the products that it should be dealing with in the right way or one protein in the way that you grow hasn't worked.
Ron: So then your development has been diverted in a certain way as well.
Ron: So, yeah, a single point of failure is much easier to study than lots.
Speaker C: Of things going, okay, okay, you've converted me.
Speaker C: I'm going to end my eugenics laboratory, shut it down, take the squirrel out the vice.
Speaker C: And I studied super squirrels.
Ron: I studied at UCL, which was big on eugenics back in victorian times.
Ron: So it was drilled into me quite vigorously how non eugenicsy we should be.
Ron: Yeah, there's a lot of discourse about it online at the moment because you know that thing from the twits about how people's ugliness, their hate starts showing through them and stuff.
Ron: A lot of people have been chatting about that, about certain political figures and stuff.
Ron: And often it's like left wing people having a go at right wing people.
Ron: But you have to be very careful about discourse like that because that is a common fascist talking point about how your characteristics do show in the way that you look.
Ron: And then you see that in a lot in propaganda and the dehumanizing of people and stuff.
Ron: So you've got to not be eugenicsy.
Speaker C: I always thought, though, Roald Dahl's point in that was that you can have exactly the same features.
Speaker C: You could have two people with exactly the same features, but the mean one would look mean because of their demeanor.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: But as soon as you even bring it back to someone's features or how they look or even kind of how attracted to them you are, you are handing people tools to disagree with you when it actually shouldn't be about that at all.
Ron: How good someone is is only about their moral fiber and what they do.
Speaker C: I completely just.
Speaker C: I've seen a lot of discourse on that bit from Roddy because Royaldar was problematic in a lot of ways.
Ron: Yes, he was not a good person.
Speaker C: No.
Speaker C: But that bit in itself is not him going, oh, hey, everybody with squinty eyes and s*** hair is mean.
Speaker C: It's going, you could have squinty eyes and s*** hair, but if you're a nice person, it will shine.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: You'll be charismatic and lovely and nice and you'll be attractive.
Ron: I totally understand.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: There's another thing that you didn't mention is wearing off.
Ron: That's okay.
Ron: I'm enthusiastic enough to keep pulling us through this.
Ron: Yeah, there's another bit that you didn't mention that we look at quite a lot, and again, is often quite misunderstood in the understanding of human genome.
Speaker C: Let me be misunderstood.
Ron: Oh, my God.
Ron: Laura.
Ron: I'll tell you about the details of the podcast.
Ron: I had a really weird work due out on Thursday, but to cut a long story short, we ended up in the worst karaoke bar I have ever been to because it had this really strange back alley korean karaoke machine.
Ron: You could not filter by language, but I'd say about 85% of the music on there was, I think, in Korean, but in some asian language that I do not speak or cannot identify.
Ron: So you could not filter by language, so you had to scroll through a lot of it.
Ron: The only way to search for things was to search by artist.
Ron: If it was a one word thing like Abba, you could just type in Abba.
Ron: Fine.
Ron: If it was anything else, you had to just type in the initials and then scroll through pages of stuff to try and find.
Ron: And I think two thirds of the songs we looked for, it just didn't.
Speaker C: Have someone's korean population in Bristol.
Ron: Don't think so.
Ron: Maybe.
Speaker C: But that's a money laundering price then, isn't it?
Ron: Yeah, it was dog s***.
Ron: Anywho, have a think for a bit because I need a wee think about what?
Speaker C: Can I go and get a snack?
Speaker C: He's taking his headphones off.
Speaker C: I'm going to go moisturize my hands and get a snack.
Speaker C: I've got slippery hands and an apple.
Ron: Hooray.
Ron: Oh, God.
Ron: Every time I don't see that kid for a bit, she progresses so much.
Ron: Say, hi, mama.
Speaker C: She's doing really cool things at the moment.
Speaker C: Like three and four word sentences together.
Speaker C: She'll say, like, her name, want down, and started to put things like that in.
Speaker C: And she's recently will learn the word mine.
Speaker C: Yeah, she's cheeky.
Ron: She's cool.
Speaker C: She is cool.
Ron: So there's one more aspect to.
Ron: Sorry, you still want to call?
Speaker C: Yeah, sorry, I just was grabbing a snack.
Speaker C: Hi, baby.
Ron: You're muted.
Ron: You just muted yourself.
Speaker C: I know, I'm chewing an apple.
Ron: Oh, I see.
Ron: When there's quite so much background noise, it's really obvious when you're muting to chew.
Speaker C: Terrible podcast, Ron.
Speaker C: But listen, they can either be aware of how much noise there is usually.
Speaker C: Hi, baby.
Speaker C: Or I can cut out the chewing and look, our listeners put up with a lot, but several of them have mentioned the chewing is disgusting.
Ron: Yeah, all right, you mute away.
Ron: Although I was trying to sort of get you to say this, there's the third bit of the understanding of the human genome that it wants us to.
Speaker C: Okay, I've swallowed.
Ron: I think we're discussing it.
Speaker C: What is it?
Ron: What are you thinking?
Ron: So, yeah, taking it away from disease.
Ron: Actually taking it away from medicine completely.
Ron: What do you think that we can learn?
Ron: What's your favorite subject?
Speaker C: Chocolate.
Ron: Like, school wise?
Speaker C: Oh, history.
Ron: Chocolate is not a subject.
Ron: Yes, history.
Ron: What can we learn about our history.
Speaker C: From our genome, where things entered and left societies?
Ron: Explain.
Speaker C: Like, you could see when a certain gene came to England.
Speaker C: How, by when it was in people's bones from.
Speaker C: No, okay, close.
Ron: But what has to happen for a gene to enter England?
Speaker C: A person's got to come here.
Ron: Yep.
Ron: Is it ever really one person?
Speaker C: No.
Speaker C: You can tell when populations mix to.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Ron: Migration patterns.
Ron: Yeah, absolutely.
Ron: So some parts of the genome are really highly conserved.
Ron: Like, we've talked about the Y chromosome being very good for this before because it's so short that everything in it is quite necessary, quite utilitarian.
Ron: So it's very highly conserved.
Ron: So things on that will be preserved quite a lot.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So then you can trace things and they know where people went.
Speaker C: I don't have a Y chromosome, though.
Ron: No, but again, you're part of a population that does.
Speaker C: Sure.
Ron: And there are other ones as well.
Ron: That's just the one that I mentioned.
Speaker C: Because you are a misogynist.
Ron: I am.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Well, yeah, sorry.
Speaker C: Oh, my God, my hands feel blissful.
Speaker C: Now.
Speaker C: Put some palmer's cocoa butter on them.
Ron: Oh, very nice.
Speaker C: They smell like pudding.
Speaker C: They feel like velvet.
Ron: Laura, how long have we been recording?
Speaker C: 35 minutes.
Ron: Okay, so what we're going to do then is we're just going to run through some terminology that will then set us up for the next bit.
Speaker C: Okay, I'm going to use just a normal black pen.
Ron: Oh, wow.
Ron: So, 4.6.1.
Ron: .4 genetic inheritance.
Ron: So you need to be able to explain the following terms.
Ron: So, the first one is gametes.
Speaker C: Summer, spring, winter and mickelmous.
Ron: So the first one is gamete.
Speaker C: Yep.
Ron: What's a gamete?
Ron: Laura, do you know?
Speaker C: A pair of things.
Ron: You're right, it's another word for pair.
Speaker C: Is it?
Ron: No.
Speaker C: Is it a pair of things, though?
Speaker C: No, it rings a bell, the word gamete.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So a gamete is a reproductive cell.
Ron: So in animals, that means sperm and eggs.
Speaker C: Sperm and eggs.
Speaker C: Of course.
Speaker C: That's why it made me think of two things.
Speaker C: Sperm and eggs.
Speaker C: D***.
Speaker C: Okay.
Speaker C: Yeah, close.
Ron: Okay.
Ron: What about a chromosome?
Speaker C: I know it's like xx and XY.
Speaker C: And those are your primary sex things.
Ron: Those are examples of chromosomes.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: Oh, you have 13 pairs of chromosomes.
Speaker C: 23, 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: But what are they?
Speaker C: Are they genes?
Ron: Do you think you have 23 genes?
Speaker C: No, but they might be special types of gene.
Speaker C: I don't know.
Ron: They're basically the chunks that your genome is broken up into.
Ron: So you have 23 chromosomes.
Ron: They come in pairs, and they are just lengths of dna, essentially.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Because you imagine if you had all of it in one, it would just be quite unhealedly difficult to manage.
Ron: And you got the whole bit where they line up and swap bits and stuff during meiosis and you split up.
Ron: Different animals have different numbers.
Ron: I think, like, gorillas have, like, 40 chromosomes or something, but that doesn't really mean anything in terms of development.
Ron: That's not a thing.
Speaker C: Around the corner from my house, there's, like, a person that works in reclamation and salvage, and they've currently got a massive gorilla on their garage.
Ron: That's awesome.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Speaker C: That's really got a big horse in the garden, too.
Speaker C: And in the last couple of weeks.
Ron: It'S fallen over a real one.
Ron: No, that's good.
Speaker C: Someone other than you, someone had a.
Laura: Horse that have been lying down for a few weeks.
Speaker C: They weren't helping it.
Speaker C: I'd probably call the RSPCA.
Ron: Gene.
Ron: Laura, what's a gene?
Speaker C: A gene is a section of your dna that codes for a protein.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: That's the key piece of information.
Ron: That is the key piece.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: This will be a new one to you, Laura.
Speaker C: Allele is a garlic dip.
Ron: It is delicious.
Ron: That's A-L-E-L-E-L.
Ron: That is not how I've spelled that.
Speaker C: Alele?
Speaker C: Yeah, alele.
Speaker C: I'm going to guess a spanish musical instrument.
Speaker C: No, South American.
Ron: Where do you think the ukulele is from?
Ron: Where do you think the ukulele is from?
Speaker C: I don't know.
Speaker C: Hawaii?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Okay.
Ron: I thought that's where you were basing Alele off of, and then you said it was Spanish.
Speaker C: No, allele.
Speaker C: It's an allele.
Speaker C: It's a moracca.
Speaker C: That ukulele.
Speaker C: No, it's not a ukulele.
Ron: It's the tapas of guitars.
Speaker C: It's an allele.
Speaker C: I'll think about it.
Ron: Okay, so an allele is a word that you use to describe the different forms, or, like, versions of a gene.
Speaker C: Okay?
Ron: So, for example, if we go back to the eye color example, you'd have a green eye allele, a brown eye allele, a blue eye allele.
Speaker C: Okay.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Speaker C: All right.
Ron: So then we can use that word to then put other descriptive words on top of.
Ron: So, obviously, you would know the difference between, like, a dominant and a recessive gene.
Ron: So you can say one is the dominant allele and the other.
Ron: And another one is a recessive allele.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: The reason why we would use the word allele rather than gene is because sometimes it might be two genes that then make, like, a trait, but your allele would be having both of them, and then that allele might be recessive or dominant over another one.
Speaker C: So, like, my short leg trait comes from the allele of having a short.
Ron: Shin and thigh, as an illustrative example.
Ron: Yes.
Speaker C: Great.
Ron: Now, two words that you won't have heard before.
Ron: Homozygous and heterbozygous.
Speaker C: Come on, Ron.
Ron: Sorry, I didn't hear what you said.
Ron: I was talking.
Speaker C: I said well done.
Ron: Yeah, pretty good.
Ron: Pretty good.
Speaker C: Homozygous.
Ron: Homozygous and heterozygous.
Ron: So these are words that you can apply to allele as well.
Ron: You get homozygous alleles and heterozygous alleles.
Speaker C: Okay.
Speaker C: There's obviously some obvious jokes I can make there.
Speaker C: I just don't feel like we need to.
Ron: No, we're above that.
Ron: But do you want to hazard a guess as to what those words mean?
Speaker C: Like, whether it's two different genes that make the allele or if it's all.
Ron: The same gene that make the allele very, very close.
Ron: So do you remember that when you have your chromosomes, you've got one from Yama and one from yapa?
Speaker C: Yeah.
Ron: So it's about whether those are matching or different rather than within one the same, if that makes sense.
Speaker C: No, I don't understand what you mean.
Speaker C: Whether your mum and dad had different genes for that thing.
Speaker C: So, like, one had brown eyed, one had blue eyed.
Ron: Well, what you inherited from them.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: Okay, so whether you inherited two blue eyes or brown and blue.
Ron: Exactly.
Speaker C: Allele.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes.
Speaker C: But if you had two brown eyed genes you'd inherited, you would have a homozygous allele, brown eyes.
Speaker C: And if you inherited brown and blue, you would have a heterozygous allele and still brown eyes.
Ron: Absolutely.
Ron: 100%.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Ron: Okay, then the next one is genotype.
Speaker C: Yep.
Speaker C: I would choose Davis.
Speaker C: I assume you'd go G.
Speaker C: Davis could go yashery, I guess Gina Davis from Thelma and Louise.
Ron: Oh, I'd go Gina from Gina Lenetti.
Speaker C: Oh, yeah.
Speaker C: Chelsea peretti.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Great.
Speaker C: Gina.
Speaker C: Yeah, good shout.
Speaker C: Best character.
Ron: Not true.
Speaker C: What?
Ron: I don't really.
Speaker C: He's the best character in Brooklyn.
Speaker C: Nine.
Speaker C: Nine.
Ron: And I'm not just saying this because he's dead, but Captain Holt, he's pretty cool.
Speaker C: But Gina was epic, wazy cupcake, nothing.
Ron: To do with Christina peretti.
Ron: But Gina drops off.
Ron: Sorry.
Ron: Yeah.
Speaker C: Don't even bother getting her name right just because she's a woman.
Ron: Gina drops off.
Ron: Let's be real.
Speaker C: Well, she leaves the show, if that's what you mean.
Ron: Yeah, but the whole G hive stuff, it's bullshit and it's not funny.
Speaker C: Okay.
Ron: Genotype that is.
Speaker C: But she's still your top Gina.
Ron: How many ginas?
Speaker C: Gina Rodriguez.
Ron: Who's that?
Speaker C: Is she Gina Rodriguez?
Speaker C: What's her surname here is Gina.
Speaker C: Is her instagram from the pregnant virgin.
Ron: The catholic church.
Speaker C: No.
Ron: You know that's Mary.
Speaker C: Mary, Gina.
Speaker C: Oh, no.
Speaker C: Top genotype, orange.
Ron: Yes.
Speaker C: What are we even doing?
Ron: Yeah, f*** you, Chelsea peretti.
Speaker C: Double f*** you.
Speaker C: Your character got s***.
Speaker C: And you're not as good as orenk.
Ron: F*** it.
Ron: So the genotype is just the genetic makeup of an organism, again, refers to, like, if you were a heterozygous allele and a homozygous allele that led to the same outcome would have a different genotype because there's different genes within them that make it up.
Ron: The word that you just use to describe the outcome of all of these things is phenotype.
Ron: A phenotype is sort of the outcome of the genes.
Ron: It is the trait.
Ron: So, Laura, we both have brown hair phenotype and blue eye phenotype.
Ron: A phenotype.
Speaker C: And the sexy phenotype.
Ron: It's weird, man.
Ron: We're related.
Speaker C: Yeah, but we're both sexy.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Just don't have to bang on about it.
Speaker C: Everybody else does.
Speaker C: That's most of the discord.
Speaker C: Everyone that's not a patron doesn't know discord is just people wanking over us all day.
Ron: And that's the lesson for the day.
Speaker C: Sexy siblings.
Speaker C: I've had this cough for, like, two and a half weeks.
Speaker C: It won't go away.
Ron: Yeah, you're undermining your own point.
Speaker C: What, about being sexy?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Hacking up a lung.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Speaker C: All right, Ron, I feel like we did absolute gangbusters science there.
Ron: I think that might be our best.
Speaker C: Episode ever, in terms of the science.
Speaker C: Yes.
Speaker C: And it was a good laugh.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: And we shouted at each other.
Ron: We had segments.
Ron: It was great.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Speaker C: And we're sexy.
Speaker C: Goodbye.
Laura: It's a quiz for 89 that we recorded so many thousand years ago.
Ron: Same room episode, same room.
Laura: Oh, dna in the genome.
Laura: Oh, these notes are great, too.
Laura: I bet if we'd done this quiz at the right time, I'd have done really well.
Ron: Look at this.
Ron: This is a classic object.
Laura: A coaster.
Ron: Yeah, no, but I mean, like, this set of coasters.
Ron: Classic, classic things from this room.
Ron: You don't think.
Ron: You don't remember, like, staring at these during roasts as a child?
Laura: Yeah, they're terrible.
Laura: Golfing cartoon coasters.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Truly some of the ugliest things ever created.
Laura: Huge 90s, early naughties aesthetic of, like.
Ron: The far side kind of big nose cartoons.
Ron: I don't really get it, I guess.
Laura: No, it's a man lying on the floor putting.
Laura: And it says the vital putt.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: And he's, like, taking ages on it.
Ron: His friends are bored.
Ron: They're playing golf together.
Ron: I mean, pastoral England.
Laura: Hey, doing this quiz today, though, is a good warm up for the live show.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: We will be carrying on our DNA discussions then.
Laura: If we had a house band for Lexx education, we'd should call them DNA in the genome.
Ron: I like that.
Laura: And all of the band have to dress like gnomes.
Laura: Genome.
Ron: Why you keep making the gnome joke with the genome?
Laura: I don't think I've made it at all yet.
Ron: You've made it, I would think, in the bulk of this episode, which I have already edited.
Laura: Have you?
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Well, then you.
Ron: I think you were a bit like.
Ron: You was like, well, in my garden or something.
Ron: Like, trying to be like, a gangster gnome.
Laura: Oh, that's cool.
Laura: Well done, me.
Laura: Gnome Chomsky.
Laura: Gnome Chomsky.
Ron: There we go.
Ron: That's fresh.
Laura: That's new.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Laura: Like a rapper.
Laura: Gnome Chomsky the OG.
Laura: Gnome Chomsky.
Laura: Good one.
Laura: Me good.
Ron: Do you know anything about Noam Chomsky?
Ron: To riff on that, he's one of those people.
Laura: People quote a lot.
Laura: Is he a theorist?
Ron: I think he's a philosopher.
Laura: You can't still be a philosopher.
Ron: And by the pictures, just the oldest man in the world.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Laura: And he's always still alive.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Every time you're like, he probably died when Karl Marx died.
Laura: He didn't.
Laura: He's alive now.
Ron: Why do you say that?
Ron: You can't be a philosopher these days.
Ron: Of course you can.
Laura: I think it's all done.
Ron: No, it's not.
Laura: It's like inventions.
Laura: They've just been made.
Ron: Yeah, because I'd have been a philosopher, but all of the things that I'd.
Laura: Have thought of, good ideas.
Laura: But you can't now.
Ron: No.
Ron: Right.
Laura: We're both a bit craggy throated, aren't we?
Ron: Yes.
Ron: And I burnt my mouth days ago and it still hurts.
Ron: My ankle still hurts from my pill run.
Ron: Pill run when I ran to pill.
Laura: Oh, I thought you meant like when you were on pills and you went on a.
Laura: Think you missed that out.
Laura: The story when you first.
Ron: When I was f****** off my t*** on disco biscuits, running down the ape.
Laura: It's a surprising turn that Ron's bristolian life has taken.
Laura: He's really into pills now.
Ron: If you knew Bristol at all, wouldn't be surprising.
Ron: They love it.
Laura: It'd be surprising for you, though.
Ron: Yes.
Laura: You're more of a weed guy.
Ron: Yeah, somewhat for my sins.
Ron: Anywho, so should we do a quiz?
Laura: Let's try it.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: It's a wine episode, so 90 is going to be a bit sloshy.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: Laura's on the wine Monday.
Ron: Wine.
Laura: Well, child of the podcast has had a difficult day.
Ron: Yes, she's been a c***.
Laura: No, she hasn't.
Ron: She has.
Laura: Her behavior has not been top notch, but she has been shattered all day.
Ron: So good.
Laura: If arguably because of her own.
Ron: I'm really tired to sleep.
Laura: But then because she's so tired, she doesn't want to eat.
Laura: And so it's become a cyclical nightmare.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: We were all trying to squeeze that poo out of her by the food bin.
Ron: That wasn't a family memory I'm going to cherish.
Ron: So glad when she went to bed.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Sometimes you have those days, and then tomorrow you'll be extra delighted with how lovely she is, because days like these, you think, I don't want children.
Laura: This is horrible.
Laura: And then you remember it is only one day.
Ron: I don't have to work tomorrow.
Ron: That's nice for me.
Laura: We're going to have a party tomorrow.
Ron: Are we?
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: Okay.
Ron: Balloons.
Laura: We're going to have a Ron and Laura fun day special surprise.
Ron: And sister of the podcast.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: We're going to go and see older sister of the podcast and then younger sister of the podcast.
Ron: Yeah, older sisters of the podcast.
Laura: Yeah, but younger sister, by the time she gets in, she's going to go.
Laura: I've got to go to sleep.
Ron: Yeah, she's dull.
Laura: And then Wednesday, she's a big dull.
Laura: We've got to see the entire extended family at a funeral.
Ron: 4.6.1 .4 genetic inheritance.
Ron: Let's do a quiz.
Ron: Students should be able.
Ron: This is going to be quick file.
Laura: Okay.
Ron: Students should be able to explain the terms.
Ron: Gamete.
Laura: It's a reproductive cell.
Laura: Sperm and eggs.
Ron: Sperm and eggs.
Ron: Chromosome chunks.
Laura: Of the genome.
Laura: So a length of your dna.
Ron: Give me more.
Laura: There.
Laura: We have 23 pairs of them.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: I'll give you that now.
Ron: Gene.
Ron: Gene Parmesan.
Laura: That's exactly what I think of.
Laura: Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein.
Ron: Love that allele.
Laura: Allele is a delicious sauce.
Laura: A lovely sauce that is a callback to impossible.
Laura: And Rick's talking about pesto.
Laura: Find the episode and you win a baseball cap.
Laura: An allele describes different versions of a gene.
Laura: So it's a way of saying, like, the blue eyed gene and the brown eyed gene.
Laura: You'd call them alleles of the same gene.
Ron: Have you ever seen the film click with Adam Sandler?
Laura: Yes.
Ron: Rick Edwards in impossible is really.
Ron: That's what I imagine he'd be like if he was fast forwarding through a portion of his life.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Ron: Pesto.
Ron: A lovely source.
Laura: Dominant means that if two alleles are in the makeup, that one will win out in terms of what the new offspring takes.
Ron: Yes.
Laura: Recessive means it could be there in your genetics, but it won't necessarily be featured.
Laura: You could have the gene for blue eyes without having blue eyes.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Homozygous.
Laura: I have written that word down.
Ron: You've just written.
Ron: You forgot to do the definition part.
Laura: So let's say we've got homozygous and heterozygous.
Laura: Homozygous alleles.
Laura: Homozygous means you've got two of the same gene.
Laura: So you've got two blue eyed genes.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: And heterozygous.
Laura: And a blue and a brown eyed or a blue and a green eyed.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: Great.
Ron: And heterozygous.
Speaker C: Yeah.
Laura: That would mean blue and a green or.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: And a gray.
Laura: Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Well, genotype is.
Ron: When you talk about it, that's kind of when you're talking about, like, the heterozygous homozygous thing.
Ron: So your genotype would be like, you've got one blue, one brown, or you've got two blues, which is the genetic makeup, but that's just kind of how you talk about it.
Laura: Phenotype is the outcome of the gene.
Laura: So that is.
Laura: The phenotype is blue eyed.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: Well done.
Laura: Yes.
Laura: Really all came out strong in that bottom part of the notepad there.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Great reading.
Laura: Couldn't have done that with a shut book, let me tell you.
Speaker C: I'm going to go and refill my wine and can I finish the quiz?
Ron: Is that right?
Laura: That was the end.
Ron: Give me an example of a single gene trait.
Laura: Um, baldness.
Ron: Why would you.
Ron: Why?
Laura: I don't know.
Ron: Don't you think that if baldness was a single gene trait, the bold men would have solved this problem by now with all the research money that's put into men's issues?
Laura: Okay.
Ron: What about that one that we've been talking about?
Laura: Eye color.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Okay.
Ron: And multi gene trait boldness.
Ron: Nobody knows, really, if boldness is.
Ron: I don't think people know.
Laura: Probably is, with all the money that's put into men's issues.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Another one.
Laura: Height.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: All right.
Ron: Now go get your wine.
Ron: You bring me back a small treat.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: Thanks.
Laura: It'll be Mackie.
Ron: It's not a treat.
Ron: That's a chore.
Laura: She smells.
Laura: It feels like ages since we've done intros, outros.
Ron: It has been ages because you deleted all those episodes.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Hey, get your tea towel pictures in.
Laura: Bloody h***, guys, we've got loads.
Laura: They're looking really good, but I can't start doing the lineup until we've got them all.
Laura: So get your tea towel pictures in, draw a picture of yourself, write your name on it, and send it to us.
Laura: Lexxeducation@gmail.com.
Laura: I also wanted to remind you guys about my tour.
Laura: There's only 30 tickets left for the Bristol show.
Laura: That's not many guys.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Have your friends got theirs, Ron?
Ron: 35 seater.
Ron: Not many left.
Ron: They.
Ron: I can't remember.
Ron: Maybe some of them have bought tickets to the one that you're doing at the Bristol Beacon.
Laura: Oh, yeah, that's sold out.
Laura: Yeah, I forgot to get you a comp, though.
Laura: You'll just have to come in the green room.
Ron: Okay.
Laura: Sorry about that.
Laura: But look, 30 tickets left for Bristol anyway, so those are the admin bits.
Laura: I did want to say I wasn't hugely pro eugenics before this episode.
Laura: Just want to be very clear.
Laura: I was asking questions in a spirit of learning.
Laura: I wasn't, like, defending eugenics.
Ron: You're just kind of originating it, kind of coming up with it for yourself.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: And I was wearing my eugenics t shirt and hat and shaking my eugenics.
Ron: Funny salute that you like listening back to it.
Laura: I was like, oh, if you took this out of context, it really sounds like I am beating the drum.
Ron: Well, the way that the world's going, you might want to hold on to that because that'll make you want.
Laura: Oh, babes.
Laura: If our podcast was pro, if we just switched all of our opinions and put those in a podcast, we'd be so successful right now.
Ron: Yeah, I won't do.
Laura: We could just do a Liz truss.
Laura: We just see what opinions are popular and then we just say those out loud.
Ron: Yeah, but we don't get paid millions of pounds to do it, though.
Laura: Yeah, but we would if we started saying it.
Laura: That's the grift, Ron.
Laura: You say the easy thing loudly and people go, I like that.
Laura: That's easy.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: All right.
Ron: Right wing tier on Patreon, 15 quid a month.
Ron: Say all of those things.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: If you pay 15 pounds a month, we will do a right wing version of the show just for you.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: All right.
Laura: Speaking of patrons, should we do a register, which is another segment we haven't done in a billion years?
Laura: Thank you.
Laura: Nerada.
Ron: Cut my fanfare short.
Laura: Okay.
Laura: Thank you.
Laura: Nerida Lloyd.
Laura: Narita Lloyd.
Laura: I don't know how to pronounce it.
Laura: Nerida Lloyd, karaoke champion of the Lexx education staff, nights out.
Laura: Every time a note can't be hit, Nerida jumps in and hits it for you.
Laura: Don't speak the language.
Laura: Never fear, Narita will work it out for you.
Laura: You won't find a luckier voice than Narita.
Ron: And a huge thank you to Charlote, Emily Scard, and purveyor of the magical role reversal imaginary trumpet.
Ron: Simply blow a loud tune through the trumpet and you switch places with anyone unfortunate enough to hear it.
Laura: You got so gentle and quiet at the end of that one.
Ron: Thank you.
Laura: Well, I hope listeners are reassured that we are friends and that segments are back.
Ron: The intros, outros are back, we're plugging stuff.
Laura: 30 tickets.
Ron: Crete to etow Crete.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: We're just such slick podcasters.
Laura: And we'll be back next week with chemistry.
Ron: Claust.
Ron: Dismissed.
