Laura: Hello and welcome to another episode of Lexx Education, the comedy science podcast, where comedian me, Laura Lexx tries to learn science from it's Captain Normal.
Laura: He's uber normal.
Laura: He's super normal.
Laura: He's just my brother.
Laura: Ron who's there?
Ron: Boy.
Ron: It's Ron.
Laura: Hi, Ron.
Ron: Hello.
Ron: How's it going?
Laura: Yeah, I'm okay.
Laura: I'm going to see our parents tonight.
Ron: Oh, really?
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: Why?
Laura: Really?
Laura: Why?
Laura: Because they're our parents.
Ron: Seems like an odd thing to do.
Laura: No, I'm gigging near Southampton and then I'm going to finish the journey and go down and see them, mainly because they've just got a new puppy and Maki and I really like the puppy, but also there we go.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Fond of them.
Laura: How are you, Ron?
Ron: We've not spoken very much recently.
Laura: Well, we tried to try to f****** speak to you yesterday and then you were such a p****, I blocked you on WhatsApp?
Laura: Did you notice?
Ron: No.
Ron: How would I notice?
Laura: I don't know.
Laura: I wasn't sure what it would look like from your perspective, whether I would just vanish or it would say, you can't contact this person
Ron: to be honest Didn't try.
Laura: I was really angry.
Ron: So, yes, if you want to bait me into that, you have to say something back and then block me, because what you did was wait for me to send some stuff and then blocked me.
Ron: I'm not just going to keep sending you stuff.
Laura: But you were horrible.
Laura: Right.
Laura: What happened?
Laura: Okay.
Laura: I text Ron and I said I'm the Dwight of our podcast because I was editing an episode and I'm also rewatching The Office, and Ron had a big pause and then Carry on energy.
Laura: And I thought, he's a lot like Jim.
Laura: And I'm the Dwight.
Laura: So I text this to Ron.
Laura: Ron hurries back along with the news that actually know he's Oscar and I am Andy Bernard.
Laura: He said I was Andy and I've never been more offended by anything in my life.
Laura: I'll take Michael.
Laura: I'll take Dwight.
Laura: I'll take any I'll take anybody.
Ron: Andy, what about what you've just done does not scream Andy Bernard to you.
Laura: He's so annoying.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: So I blocked him.
Laura: On WhatsApp?
Laura: But he didn't notice?
Ron: No.
Ron: How could I notice?
Laura: I'd even be Angela over Andy.
Ron: You call yourself the low down dog?
Laura: No, we call me the low down dog as an ironic thing.
Ron: Nard dog.
Ron: Yeah, it fits.
Ron: He did acapella at university.
Ron: You did improv.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: That's a michael thing.
Ron: Yeah, but also it's got nard dog energy.
Laura: Don't keep saying I have NARD dog energy.
Laura: I don't think it's very kind.
Ron: But you do.
Ron: You even called me Big Tuna rather than Jim, which is what Andy called him.
Laura: Well, it isn't kind, and I was very angry with you, but I've forgiven you for the sake of the podcast today.
Laura: So hello, everyone, and welcome to the show.
Laura: It's a happy birthday to Stephen this week.
Laura: Ron, you still haven't done your drawing, by the way, for last week's birthday?
Ron: No, forgot.
Laura: If you need to do a waffle drawing, are you going to get behind happy birthday, Steven.
Laura: Pick a food substance that Ron's got.
Ron: To make you a picture.
Laura: This feels like a good feature to do.
Ron: If it could be honey or date extract or soy sauce.
Ron: These things I have.
Laura: Okay, yeah.
Laura: All right, well, listen, happy birthday.
Laura: We hope you have a good day and your birthday coincides with the first day of our Patreon release, 3 February.
Laura: That is the day our first geography lesson drops, which we're very excited about.
Laura: And there's lots of little patrons quivering in the Patreon waiting for the first episode, which is exciting.
Laura: I didn't expect to get sign ups before we'd released anything.
Ron: I'm back.
Laura: Where were you?
Ron: You said the first and then you froze.
Laura: I thought you were just not joining in again.
Laura: Happy birthday, Stephen.
Laura: Join the patreon.
Laura: Everyone.
Laura: Patreon.com/Lexxeducation.
Laura: Big news on the socials this week is that Jenny C drew the mole that we were talking about last week.
Laura: Loved it.
Ron: We love it.
Laura: Love that mole.
Laura: Love it so much.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Andy, what is it?
Laura: Do not call me Andy.
Laura: Say sorry.
Laura: Say sorry.
Ron: So what we were thinking about doing is we were going to let the Fabrants, the Patreon subscribers, name them all.
Ron: So a poll will go up after the release of this episode and we will come up with an equally cute name as Bunson for our little mole friend.
Laura: By a poll, then, does that mean we've got to come up with the suggestions and they choose one, or are we just going to put up a thing and then they can comment and decide in the comments?
Ron: Well, I don't want a Boaty McBoat face situation on our hands, so I think we should moderate the suggestions.
Laura: I don't think the Fab rats are like that, though, anyway.
Laura: Yeah, so that'll happen.
Laura: We very much enjoyed Dr.
Laura: Tracy Epton telling us about Ronagrams.
Laura: There's this new unit of measurement that has been named after Ron.
Laura: Obviously, somebody very high up in science is brushing up on their basics and listening to the podcast.
Laura: So that's exciting, Ron.
Ron: Yeah, they must have whatever the biggest one before is.
Ron: And then they looked at my head and they were like, yeah, that's huge.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: That used to be your nickname, didn't it?
Laura: Acorn head.
Ron: Yeah, acorns are small.
Ron: That's more about the shape of my head.
Laura: You have an acorn shaped head.
Laura: So, yeah.
Laura: Thanks for all the playing this week.
Laura: You are the bestest people.
Laura: It's a lovely episode today.
Laura: You're going to have a nice time.
Laura: It's not really about anything that hasn't already been covered.
Laura: We're just relearning some stuff, but have a good time and then hopefully see you Friday for the geography lesson.
Laura: Hello, Ron.
Ron: Hi, Laura.
Laura: How are you?
Ron: Yes, good, thank you.
Laura: You always sound like a driving instructor.
Laura: That doesn't really like me very much.
Ron: This is the fourth thing we've recorded today.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: We do have to say hello to each other a lot, don't we?
Laura: Because we record an intro and then last week's quiz and then a new.
Ron: Lesson and an outro.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: So we try and do the actual topical chat in the intro outro.
Laura: But then it does just mean that when we start the main bulk of the episode, we just have to go, it's lesson time.
Ron: But we do just have one of those podcasts where we say hello to each other twice and I think that's fine.
Laura: I love it.
Laura: I'd like a podcast that was just entirely someone saying hello to someone else.
Ron: Just salutations and blast.
Laura: How are you?
Laura: Hello.
Laura: Hello.
Ron: Are you okay?
Ron: Right.
Ron: It's physics today.
Ron: Laura.
Laura: Oh, yes.
Laura: But listen, I absolutely didn't care about the quiz last week and I apologise to the listener for not pulling my weight in terms of me failing is what you're here for, not me not trying.
Laura: So I will try really hard today.
Ron: I don't know how you're going to react to this episode.
Laura: Oh, you said f****** last week that as physics went, it weren't going to be bad.
Ron: Yeah, it's not going to be bad, but it's not necessarily that you're going to enjoy it because it's a bit of a revision episode.
Laura: Oh, hate flashback episode.
Ron: But weirdly.
Ron: This is just coming up again, right, in the physics syllabus.
Laura: Okay, but it's not letters and sums.
Ron: No, we're going back to atoms.
Laura: All right?
Laura: I don't mind atoms.
Laura: Atoms are different to cells.
Ron: Yes, atoms are different to cells are different to isotopes are different to ions.
Laura: Now, an isotope wait, don't spoil all.
Ron: The content we've got coming later, Laura, because we'll run through this again.
Laura: That's good, cause I an isotope.
Ron: No, don't yet.
Laura: Okay.
Laura: Right.
Laura: Well, I am ready and here to do this.
Ron: You got new glasses.
Laura: No, I've had my f****** haircut.
Laura: What's wrong with you?
Laura: Do you just never look at me?
Ron: I don't study you.
Laura: Yeah, it's probably for the best.
Ron: Right.
Ron: We're learning about atomic structure at the moment in physics, so I think it was chemistry, kind of when we went through this last time.
Ron: It seems that I never skip ahead.
Ron: I don't want to do spoilers for myself about what's coming up in the syllabus, but I think we're building up to talk about radiation.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So I think we just need to find out what a normal atom is like before we find out what the weird ones are like that are radioactive.
Laura: Okay, you're right.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: I just got worried then because I don't often react well to you changing up the rules.
Ron: How have I changed the rules?
Laura: Not you.
Laura: Hang on.
Laura: This isn't the accusation of you, it's just science, does it?
Laura: But like, you teach me how something works and then you go and here's a million tricos that don't do it.
Laura: And then I get annoyed.
Ron: And you're scared that radiation is a tricko?
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: Okay.
Laura: I'm scared that radiation is one big tricko and it's going to push all of my knowledge about atoms out of my head.
Laura: Also, my eye has been twitching for over a week, Ron, and I can't get it to stop.
Ron: Sorry.
Laura: How do I make an eye stop twitching?
Laura: Do some biology on it.
Ron: Rub and poke.
Ron: It sand.
Laura: I pushed a load of bacteria in there.
Laura: It's not helping.
Ron: Grit.
Ron: I think what you need is grit and debris.
Laura: Grit and sand are the same thing.
Ron: Not in the tropics.
Laura: Well, now we know we have to have released that detentron by the time of episode 33.
Laura: The timelines are so confusing for this podcast.
Ron: They are.
Ron: And we're not making it simpler.
Ron: Anyway, we're not actually going to get onto radiation today.
Ron: Today is all recap.
Ron: Okay.
Laura: Recap for your knee cap.
Laura: The reason why that's what they should call knee surgery.
Laura: We're just going to do a little quick recap.
Laura: He didn't want that one.
Ron: I didn't have anything in the bank for knee surgery.
Laura: Okay.
Ron: The reason why I asked if you were right, Ashley, now, is because I said the word radioactive.
Ron: And you didn't sing Imagine Dragons afterwards.
Laura: No, I didn't.
Laura: Yeah, no, I was thinking about the topic.
Ron: That's nice.
Laura: So now I'm thinking about topics for the chocolate bar.
Ron: There's just a nice little paragraph here at the toy says, ionising radiation is hazardous, but can be very useful.
Ron: Although radioactivity was discovered over a century ago, it took many nuclear physicists several decades to understand the structure of atoms, nuclear forces and stability.
Ron: Early researchers suffered from their exposure to ionising radiation.
Ron: Rules for radiological protection.
Laura: Marie Curie.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: She died of cancer because of all the radioaction that she was around.
Laura: It's called radioaction.
Laura: Radioaction.
Ron: I'd gone away with that.
Ron: Right.
Ron: So 6.4.1 atoms and isotopes, the structure of an atom.
Ron: Laura Water.
Laura: I invented a new word on Twitter the other day about this podcast.
Ron: I am.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: If you understood something, then it means you've ununderstood it.
Ron: I like that.
Ron: It's like being whelmed.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Understood means or I destanded it.
Laura: You understood it at the time.
Laura: Someone was talking through with you, and then the second you went to do it on your own, it was nonsense.
Ron: Again, one of my favourite jokes in Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is there I overstand.
Ron: Anywho, laura, what are atoms made of?
Laura: Neutrons, protons.
Laura: Electrons.
Ron: Yes, indeed.
Ron: What's in the nucleus?
Ron: The sound desk.
Laura: That is neutrons and protons.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Because they're the happy.
Ron: Bob marley's.
Ron: Right?
Ron: They're positive.
Ron: And then the neutrons sound engineers.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: BT dumps, I listened to that episode of 99% Invisible that you recommended about Reggie.
Laura: Wasn't it good?
Ron: It was very, very interesting.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Everything about 99% Invisible is good.
Laura: To be fair, it's a really good podcast.
Laura: But that one in particular, I thought you would love.
Ron: Yeah, that one was super interesting.
Ron: And then I listened to one about Jackalopes.
Laura: Oh, yeah, that one's also good.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Don't you just love his voice?
Laura: I'm Roman Mars.
Laura: He's got a really good voice and then he giggles like a little nerd and it's great.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: It's the kind of podcast that you need to focus on, though.
Laura: It's a good travelling podcast.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Anyway, so it's this one.
Laura: You don't need to focus on it at all.
Laura: If you actually focused on this podcast.
Laura: You'd have a nose blade.
Laura: They're doing two different podcasts.
Ron: Right.
Ron: Are Atoms big, Laura, or are they small?
Laura: Varies.
Ron: Not on the grand scheme of thing.
Ron: Sorry for the listener.
Ron: I shook my head at Lauren for a long time.
Ron: Atoms are very small.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: But in comparison to each other, some are big and some are small, but no, compared to me.
Laura: And Atom is very small and the.
Ron: Scale of everything very small.
Laura: Very small.
Laura: Unless you're in that film about Michael Douglas, where he goes small.
Laura: Antman.
Ron: Is that about Michael Douglas?
Laura: No.
Laura: He is in it, though, I think.
Ron: Where he plays the villain, I believe.
Laura: I don't think he's the villain.
Laura: He's like a bad dad, isn't he?
Ron: I don't know.
Laura: I don't think he's a villain.
Laura: I think that bald man with the face is the villain, not just a.
Ron: Thumb wearing a suit.
Ron: Antman was after I tapped out of marvel.
Laura: Michael Douglas.
Laura: He's the dad of Evangeline Lily and he's a bit overprotective of her, which is kind of a bad character trait, but I don't think he's the badie.
Ron: Yeah, it's after I tapped out of Marvel.
Ron: I haven't seen it.
Laura: I have seen it.
Laura: I thought it was not as good as honey.
Laura: I shrunk the kids.
Ron: My little Tomkin just gave a rumble.
Ron: You should have some curly fries, Jason.
Ron: I have mac and cheese and pizza for dinner's.
Ron: Sake.
Laura: Mac and cheese and pizza.
Ron: Yeah, we're going to put the mac and cheese on top of the pizza.
Laura: Ron, you have a dairy allergy.
Ron: I had creamy yogi for lunch on Sunday, followed by Elizabethania.
Ron: That booby shippers sailed.
Laura: Oh, my God.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: The less said about the guff coming out of me, the better.
Laura: I can't wait to hear the sound effect on this.
Laura: Right, so far, all I've written down.
Ron: Is atomic structure, so I am ludicrously tired today, but I am trying.
Ron: The atoms are really small.
Laura: Atoms are small.
Laura: I'll write that down.
Laura: Atoms are small.
Ron: They are one times ten to the minus ten metres, or one times ten.
Laura: To the minus ten.
Ron: Mystic ladies, have you have you looked into standard form since we last spoke about it?
Laura: Standard form?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: This times ten to the no.
Laura: Assume I don't think about any of this.
Ron: You get it, right?
Laura: No.
Laura: What?
Laura: Oh, it's this SR codes.
Laura: Everything has its own unit stuff.
Ron: No, it's called standard form and it's a way of displaying very big or very small numbers.
Laura: No, I forgot that that existed.
Ron: Times ten to the minus ten and.
Laura: I knew that you'd be mad.
Ron: But applesist did means that basically one.
Laura: Times ten to the minus, you need.
Ron: To divide it by ten times.
Laura: Oh, like the opposite of squared.
Ron: Yeah, exactly.
Ron: That's what a minus to the power of a minus number does.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: All right, so it's zero point no.
Laura: One just measure it in millimetres, then.
Ron: But then it would be one times ten to the minus seven millimetres.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: Is that better?
Laura: Yeah, I think so.
Ron: Do you know what's less than millimetres?
Laura: Decimeters.
Ron: No.
Ron: Decim means ten.
Laura: All right.
Laura: Minus decometers.
Ron: No, nanometers.
Laura: One nano, actually.
Ron: No, sorry.
Ron: It's micrometres next, and then nanometers and then micron.
Laura: Nanometers, I think.
Ron: Pico metres.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Anyway, so they're small, right.
Ron: The basic structure of an atom, as we know, positively charged nucleus, negatively charged electrons around.
Laura: Yes.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: The radius of the nucleus is less than 110 thousandth.
Ron: The radius of the atom.
Laura: The radius of the nucleus.
Laura: So the nucleus is tiny.
Ron: Nucleus is tiny.
Ron: Remember, everything is basically empty space and you're never touching anything.
Ron: And we live in a void.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: The table is pushing.
Laura: When I'm always hungry, everything I eat is air.
Ron: Not even air.
Laura: All I'm eating is electrons and protons and neutrons.
Laura: Don't like this.
Ron: Wait till you get to a level and then you find out that protons and neutrons are made up of other things.
Laura: What?
Ron: Quarks.
Laura: Quark?
Laura: Quarks cheese, isn't it?
Ron: No, that's kurds.
Laura: No, I'm sure quark is a type of cheese.
Ron: Quarks.
Ron: Up, down, up.
Ron: Quarks, down.
Ron: Quarks.
Ron: Charm.
Laura: Quarks and shake it all around.
Ron: Quarks, silly, quarks.
Laura: Quarks.
Ron: What's the opposite of a charm?
Ron: Quark.
Laura: Chunk quark.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Quark is a dairy product.
Laura: A type of fresh dairy made from milk.
Laura: The milk is soured.
Ron: Strange.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Up, down, strange.
Ron: Charm.
Laura: Fresh, soft white cheeses prepared from pasteurised cow's milk with a small amount of rennet added to achieve a good firm curd.
Laura: She want a good firm curd.
Ron: Do you know what rennet is?
Laura: I think that is actually like an animal meat product, isn't it?
Laura: Isn't bone marrow.
Ron: No, it's a protein taken from the stomach lining of carbs.
Laura: Oh, no.
Laura: Well, I hate that.
Ron: Any who electrons are arranged at different distances from the nucleus.
Ron: We know this.
Ron: Different shells.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Because of magnets.
Ron: Sure.
Ron: These represent different energy levels.
Ron: Essentially, the electrons arrangement can change in two circumstances.
Ron: Can you guess what they might be?
Laura: Sex and a jumble sale.
Ron: A jumble sale?
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: You have to display things in different places.
Laura: If it's not selling, maybe we could.
Ron: Think about it in atoms as jumble sales.
Ron: I like jumble sales.
Laura: No, to be serious for a second, as I promised I would be all episode and I'm nailing it.
Laura: It would be when they get bonded and when they are in solution.
Ron: No, I'm afraid not.
Laura: Remember those were quite good answers, though, weren't they?
Laura: Yeah, wrong answers go potentially really good wrong answers.
Ron: And if I didn't know what I was talking about, maybe I'd have believed you.
Ron: But I've got the silly bus, so that's fine.
Ron: As I said, the distances represent different energy levels.
Ron: So what?
Ron: Two scenarios would change the distances?
Laura: Increase or decrease in energy.
Ron: Exactly.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: Which is basically either them absorbing radiation or them emitting radiation.
Laura: Only radiation.
Laura: So heat wouldn't affect it?
Ron: Well, heat is passed by radiation.
Ron: Don't think about that.
Ron: That's fine.
Ron: Just think about radiation.
Laura: Wait.
Laura: Yeah, like a radiator.
Laura: I'm not getting radiation, though.
Laura: Wait, what's happening in the world?
Ron: You're getting electromagnetic radiation all the time.
Laura: Not me.
Laura: What?
Laura: From what do I need to turn off?
Ron: That's what light is.
Laura: Oh, no, don't make me scared of light.
Laura: I got too much to be scared of.
Laura: Hey, am I going to die because I sleep with my phone under my pillow every night?
Ron: No.
Laura: Okay.
Ron: Going to die because we're all just mortal meat sacks.
Laura: Okay.
Laura: Increase or decrease energy in the atom.
Ron: Changes in the electrons?
Laura: Well, they are the atom.
Ron: They're part of the atom.
Laura: Yeah, but not in the electrons.
Laura: And that changes the configuration, it changes the distance.
Ron: Those electrons are from the nucleus.
Laura: Okay, got an inch.
Ron: Hang on.
Ron: Which one's the sweet one?
Ron: Evaporated or condensed?
Laura: I'm going to say evaporated.
Ron: Yeah, I think you're right.
Ron: Cool.
Ron: I gave you to the shopping list.
Ron: It's all good.
Ron: Cheese on pizza.
Ron: Going to get some veggie NUGS.
Ron: What are you doing?
Laura: Don't wait for you.
Ron: Yeah, but I just sang a jingle and now we're back in it.
Laura: How the h*** was I supposed to know that you sang a song about veggie NUGS?
Ron: Yeah, and I thought you'd be all like, pop pup.
Ron: Cool.
Laura: Oh, no, I was giving you a taste of the Ron treatment when somebody does a brilliant bit and then ron yes.
Laura: Hands it into the toilet.
Ron: Boo.
Ron: Earns.
Ron: Ow.
Laura: What was that?
Ron: That was my ankle.
Ron: Yeah, they crunched.
Ron: Very tired.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: I don't think you should be allowed to have birthdays.
Laura: They're breaking you.
Laura: Were you going to be 27?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Jimmy Hendrix age.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: You're not going out a place of glory, though.
Laura: You're a slug.
Ron: I do think of myself in some ways as the Jamie Hendrix of podcasting.
Laura: No, you're teaching your sister science and singing about the beats that you're about to have.
Ron: I can't wait to have some chicky NUGS.
Laura: Wait, where are the chicky NUGS going?
Ron: In and around the rest of the food.
Laura: I don't think that that's good for your heart.
Ron: Well, they're going to be veggie.
Ron: They're going to be corn.
Laura: I still don't think that they're good for you.
Ron: You invented nuggetee.
Laura: Yeah, and I had noggy tea for lunch today, but I didn't have it in a mac and cheese on a pizza.
Ron: Why not get good?
Laura: No, I've been quite healthy today.
Ron: It's my birthday.
Ron: You had curly fries for lunch.
Laura: Ones.
Laura: I didn't put any cheese on them.
Laura: And I had light mayonnaise.
Ron: You're getting that?
Ron: It's my birthday, Eve.
Ron: Leave me alone.
Laura: I like birthday Eve episodes because you're not even trying to teach me anything.
Laura: It's so easy to get you off subject.
Ron: I am going a lot of tangents.
Ron: Said tangents with I just found a.
Laura: Load of Tom's D and D dice.
Ron: Roll the D 20.
Ron: If you get a 20 let's just stop.
Laura: Hang on.
Laura: Is there a 20 here?
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Right.
Laura: Okay, it's a two.
Laura: But the two is right.
Laura: Next there's a 20.
Ron: Almost a short episode.
Ron: Right.
Ron: Okay.
Ron: So what's an atom?
Laura: Laura, we just did this.
Laura: No tiny thing.
Ron: Yeah, but what is an atom?
Laura: Building block of the universe.
Ron: What's it made of?
Ron: And what.
Laura: F****** out and what differential ball.
Ron: Let me finish my sentence, please.
Ron: What's an atom?
Ron: What's made of and what differentiates it from an isotope or an ion.
Laura: Right.
Laura: An atom is a nucleus surrounded by electron.
Laura: An isotope.
Ron: Wait.
Ron: But what makes it an atom not one of the other things?
Laura: It is usual.
Ron: What an old word?
Laura: Well, let me tell you what the other things are and then you'll just see the difference.
Laura: Okay, so an isotope it's very interesting.
Ron: To me that you can rattle off what the other things are but you can't flip that around and say, like, what an atom is.
Laura: What do you mean?
Laura: I told you what an atom was.
Ron: Okay, tell me.
Laura: What is it?
Laura: An isotope is an atom with a changed number of neutrons in it.
Ron: Yes.
Laura: So if it has an increase or decrease standard, it's an isotope.
Ron: Well, all atoms are isotopes of other ones.
Ron: There isn't a standard and then the other ones are isotopes.
Ron: Different isotopes are they're all isotopes, if that makes sense.
Ron: Isotope is just kind of how you.
Laura: Differentiate between it, right?
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Okay, so that's what I said.
Laura: And what was the other thing?
Ron: An ion, please.
Laura: Oh.
Laura: An ion is charged because ions need electricity.
Laura: So an ion is an atom or isotopic atom with a charge.
Ron: And why does it have a charge?
Laura: Well, I guess because it's lost or gained an electron.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: It hasn't.
Laura: But then I don't understand why it's not a new atom.
Ron: Because it's the proton that defines what type of atom it is, isn't it?
Laura: Yeah, that's right.
Ron: Yeah, so that's all correct.
Ron: So if an ion is one that has a different number, an atom is one where there's an equal number of electrons and protons.
Ron: What atoms is when there's equals P equals of electrons and protons.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: That'S it.
Ron: Really?
Laura: And an isotope whoa.
Laura: Neutrons and an ion equals plus or minus ease.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: I'm the queen of the swing in science, b******.
Ron: All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons.
Ron: Proton defines the element.
Laura: The number proton defines the element, the number of when we eventually do our science based musical it's going to be so good in the West End.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Hamilton Hammer, education.
Laura: No, no.
Laura: What would we call it?
Laura: The Book of Moron.
Laura: And it's all based on my notebook.
Ron: It's very good.
Ron: That's why they pay you the silly money.
Ron: The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number of protons.
Laura: Equals yeah.
Ron: Let me just send you something on the WhatsApp web.
Laura: The WhatsApp web?
Laura: Not another figure.
Ron: I'm surprised WhatsApp web hasn't made it on anyone's bingo boards yet.
Laura: Yeah, that's true.
Ron: They might have done by the time we said this.
Laura: What's happening with the timelines?
Laura: See, because I want to tell you, I bought Tom's Christmas presents today, but by the time this episode goes out, everybody will be like, you're buying him Christmas presents in mid February?
Laura: And I'm like, Nah, it's November here's.
Ron: What did you get him?
Laura: I got him like a pack thing about DND where you can do DND in space.
Laura: Right.
Laura: You've sent me a thing on the WhatsApp web?
Laura: And it says Nah, which is sodium, and there's a number at the top of the Nah that says 23, and in brackets, mass number.
Laura: And then at the bottom it says eleven.
Laura: Atomic number.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: See the atomic number.
Laura: Absolutely.
Laura: Finish that yawn.
Laura: And then start talking to the poor listeners.
Ron: So the number of protons is the atomic number.
Ron: So how many protons does a sodium atom have?
Laura: Eleven.
Ron: And how many protons does an isotope of sodium have?
Laura: Eleven.
Ron: Yes.
Ron: It's still sodium.
Ron: It still has eleven protons.
Ron: The total number of protons and neutrons is the mass number.
Ron: That's the 23.
Laura: So does this mean you don't want to play minecraft with me like we planned after this?
Ron: No, I'll play Minecraft for a bit.
Laura: But you I thought you were having mac and cheese and pizza.
Ron: Yeah, after we play minecraft.
Laura: What time?
Ron: I don't know.
Laura: A bit more than.
Ron: An hour.
Laura: Okay.
Laura: Yeah, probably.
Ron: What's up?
Laura: Tom's away.
Laura: I need to pull out my evening.
Laura: All right, let me text me.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So 23, right?
Ron: That's the mass number yeah, of it.
Laura: And what's that?
Laura: That's electrons plus no, that's that's neutrons and protons together.
Ron: Pros and news.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: So there's twelve neutrons.
Ron: How many isotope in this particular isotope?
Ron: Good job.
Ron: That was really nice.
Laura: Come on.
Laura: You're doing what?
Laura: I'm not.
Laura: I'm so sprightly and peppy.
Laura: And you are like this is pre the cheese.
Laura: God, you are going to be like dead in about 3 hours.
Ron: I'm going to watch X Files in bed in a cheese coma.
Ron: It's going to be good.
Ron: Students should be able to relate differences between isotopes to differences in conventional representation of their identities, charges and masses.
Laura: I'd put that on my bingo card.
Laura: Ron says students should be able to.
Ron: Yeah, that's a good one.
Laura: Also, Ron says Jesus Christ.
Ron: I've seen that on some oh, have you?
Ron: Yeah, we talk about the weather too much.
Ron: That's what the bingo cards have told me.
Ron: But I'll leave it a mystery as to what the weather is doing today.
Laura: Yeah, here, too.
Ron: It's night time.
Ron: I can't actually see the weather.
Laura: The weather was horrible.
Laura: So much so that a nice little umbrella.
Ron: G****** it.
Laura: Now are they shout out Sugar Hill Brighton thanks to the umbrella.
Ron: Okay, so the next bit that we're going to do wait, what did we.
Laura: Learn from this thing?
Ron: Just what mass number and atomic number is.
Laura: Okay.
Laura: Right.
Laura: Okay.
Laura: Everything's made sense so far today.
Ron: So yeah.
Ron: New experimental evidence may lead to a scientific model being changed or replaced.
Ron: That's science.
Laura: No, you have to stick doggedly to what you thought was right ten years ago.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: That Neil Oliver.
Laura: You know, I always thought he was a wrongr.
Laura: He's getting more wrong than by the day.
Ron: Yeah, he sucks.
Ron: God, Twitter really did go downhill when Muskie took over, right?
Laura: Yeah, it seems to be.
Laura: It's really dead at the moment.
Laura: Nobody's really talking about anything except for the fact that it's going downhill.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: I wonder what it will be like when this comes out.
Laura: Maybe gone.
Ron: Did you sign up for Masterdon?
Laura: I tried to sign up for mastodon.
Laura: I don't know what's happening in it, though.
Ron: No, I didn't get it at all.
Laura: I can't find anybody that I like.
Laura: And then I was like, oh, I'll go through all the people I follow on Twitter and see who I love and try and follow them and then I don't really want to follow any of these people.
Ron: I signed up just to bag a good name and then yeah, we should.
Laura: Probably bag the Lexx education name.
Laura: Yeah, you can be in charge of mastodon.
Laura: That can be your social media christ.
Ron: Okay.
Ron: Yeah, the Abacus, because I really don't understand it.
Ron: Also, I don't know if that's helpful because I'm not sure I can get into the UK one, but I thought.
Laura: It all went to one middle server.
Ron: I don't know.
Laura: TikTok inside.
Ron: I bagged ron.
Ron: I'm just ron on master.
Ron: Don.
Laura: Master Ron.
Ron: Yeah, but anyway, so new experimental evidence may lead to a scientific model being changed.
Ron: So when we do experiments, you've got.
Laura: To be ready to change your mind.
Laura: Difficult second song in the Book of Moron.
Laura: When new evidence presents itself and then a parade of new evidence comes across the stage, you gotta be ready to change your mind.
Laura: And then all of the singers in a line take their mind props off their heads and swap them with somebody else's.
Laura: Change your mind.
Laura: And all the minds get changed.
Laura: What do you think?
Laura: It's not a good run, but it's going to get an extended run.
Laura: Come on, Ron.
Laura: Where's your energy, Ron?
Ron: What did people think?
Ron: Your lit?
Laura: Finish your yarns before you start your sentences.
Laura: You bart.
Ron: Shut up.
Ron: What did people.
Ron: Think atoms were like before we found out what electrons were?
Laura: Laura like puzzle pieces that all clipped together, soft and hard, depending on the material they made up.
Ron: Potentially.
Ron: But we thought that they were just tiny spheres that could not be divided.
Ron: Do you remember the Greek philosopher who theorised, like, what would happen if you just kept snapping a stick in half deck art?
Ron: No.
Ron: The Greek philosophy.
Laura: Jesus.
Laura: Greek snap.
Laura: Only as you would want others to snap onto you.
Ron: Yeah, he thought that there would be tiny spheres.
Ron: But then we discovered the electron, didn't we, Laura?
Laura: Yeah, found it down the back of the sofa.
Ron: What did we think atoms were after that?
Ron: They are delicious atom apples.
Ron: No, think back to last time we spoke about this.
Laura: Seeds.
Ron: This isn't new content, this is old stuff.
Ron: Come on.
Laura: What do you mean?
Laura: Think back.
Laura: What are they made of?
Ron: What did we think they were made?
Laura: Wafers.
Ron: No.
Laura: Graphene.
Ron: No.
Laura: Think back first.
Ron: The episode that we released this week.
Laura: Chloroplast.
Ron: Maybe it's tasty.
Laura: Meat.
Ron: Funny.
Ron: Plump pudding.
Laura: Plump pudding.
Laura: No, that wasn't an atom, though, was it?
Laura: I thought atoms were sitting in things.
Laura: Can't remember what plum pudding was.
Laura: I spent ages trying to forget it, because at the time, I really understood it.
Laura: And then it went on to be the only thing I understood, and it wasn't right.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: And it's still not right.
Ron: But that's what we thought we thought it was.
Ron: The electrons were negatively charged plum.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Yes.
Ron: Positively charged pudding.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: I've realised this whole time we've been talking about plump puddings, I've been picturing.
Ron: T*** in the hole, but with plums or still sausages.
Laura: No, sausages, but just referring to it as a plump pudding, because I don't know what a plum pudding looks like.
Laura: So I'm just picturing the closest thing I can picture.
Ron: I imagine a spherical Christmas cake.
Laura: Oh, you're not picturing a flat tart?
Laura: No, it's a plump pudding.
Laura: A ball of pudding.
Ron: Well, you wouldn't really call a tart a pudding, would you?
Ron: But like a Christmas.
Laura: I don't know what these psychopaths were doing back in the day.
Ron: Well, I mean, there was probably beef and children and stuff in it.
Laura: Some quark.
Laura: Yeah, okay.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: We thought it's a plump pudding.
Laura: And then we found out, actually, the electrons aren't even attached, they're just, like, attracted.
Ron: And how did we discover that?
Laura: Oh, the foil.
Laura: The gold foil.
Ron: The gold foil, yes.
Laura: Rutherford and friends, Rotherford and company, they're the bullies of the piece and they keep coming in like, get it.
Laura: Get your gold foil out of my way.
Laura: I'm going to fire it with my radioactive laser.
Ron: Wait, so this musical isn't even about us or you.
Ron: It's kind of like a scientific version of It's A Small World after all.
Ron: It's just going to be small science vignettes and songs about the scientific method.
Laura: No, we're the main characters.
Laura: We're like humbling it all along, humbling it.
Laura: We're not humbling.
Laura: Then a different way.
Laura: You know what I mean?
Laura: We're mumbling it all along, but we are introducing different vignettes when we're going on adventures in science.
Ron: Like, maybe we're time travellers and Rutherford's a bad guy.
Laura: Yes.
Laura: Shooting innocent foil.
Ron: The stakes are high.
Laura: Yeah, because we know that the foil, we're like, don't shoot that radioactivation at that foil.
Laura: Why shouldn't I?
Laura: It's in the name of science.
Laura: Shut up.
Laura: It already killed Lady Curie.
Laura: Why would you want to kill Foil too?
Laura: Just because I do.
Ron: We're against scientific progress.
Laura: If it kills people.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: You got to have what do you call it?
Laura: Like.
Ron: Why are you doing?
Laura: You got a conflict.
Laura: That's the word I couldn't think of.
Laura: But why couldn't oh, Neil Oliver could be in it.
Laura: We could all be mad at Neil Oliver.
Ron: Yeah, all right.
Laura: Me, you and Rutherford are working against Neil Oliver.
Ron: Well, I mean, by the time that we do this, I guess the UK will be such a sort of anti science fascistic puppet state that maybe we do need to be anti Rutherford.
Laura: No, not us.
Laura: We'll be the one truth speakers.
Laura: We'll be recording this podcast from a bunker somewhere, getting the truth out.
Laura: Like they'll have cancelled science off the syllabus.
Laura: And the only way people can learn it is huddled around their princess.
Laura: Radio is listening to this?
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: Showing sharp us every time we get distracted, because we don't know that this is the last bastion of science left.
Ron: So Laura Rutherford.
Ron: He shot radiation at gold Foil.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: And some of it went through and some of it bounced back, which led us to believe there were holes in the foil.
Ron: And what were we expecting all of.
Laura: It to bounce back because there would be no holes.
Ron: All of it to go through.
Laura: What?
Laura: No.
Laura: Why?
Ron: We remember he was like, this is the equivalent of driving a train at a tissue paper.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: And so that meant that the nucleus was chunkier than we knew about.
Ron: It means that the mass of the nucleus is centred in the centre of the atom.
Laura: Yeah, that's what I meant when I said all bounce back.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So that's that, isn't it?
Laura: You are phoning this f****** in today.
Ron: I'm not.
Ron: I'm trying so hard.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: How long have we been recording?
Laura: 40 minutes.
Ron: Getting there.
Ron: Neil's Boar adopt adapted the nuclear model by suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances, which we now know that they do.
Ron: The theoretical calculations of bohr agreed with experimental observations.
Ron: Later experiments led to the idea of the positive charge of any nucleus could be subdivided into a whole number of smaller particles.
Ron: We know that these are what later experiments led to the idea that the positive charge of any nucleus could be subdivided into a whole number of smaller particles.
Laura: Wherever our atomic mass protons.
Laura: Protons, yeah.
Ron: Each particle having the same number of positive charge.
Ron: The name proton was given to these.
Laura: Particles because they're positive.
Laura: Pro unions, pro carriot.
Ron: What are you doing?
Ron: Where are you going?
Laura: I've lost the dog.
Laura: I'm still here.
Laura: I can hear and I can talk.
Laura: Don't worry.
Ron: The experimental work of James Chadwick provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus.
Ron: This was about 20 years after the nucleus had become accepted scientific idea.
Ron: Students should be able to describe why the new evidence from the scattering experiment led to a change in the atomic model.
Laura: The scattering experiment, Ratherford.
Laura: Oh, didn't we just do that?
Ron: Yeah, we did just do that a bit.
Ron: Students should be able to describe the difference between the plum pudding model of the atom and the nuclear model of the atom.
Laura: The plum pudding suggested that the nucleus was, like, made of goop and atoms were sat in it, whereas actually, most of its empty space and not a pudding.
Ron: Yes.
Laura: Is the nucleus in a shell or is it just the protons and neutrons clustered together?
Ron: Just clustered together.
Ron: But there's different theories on sort of what that looks like.
Laura: Okay.
Ron: Whether they're all one dimensional balls of string.
Laura: String?
Ron: String theory.
Laura: Is that all that means?
Laura: I always picture Silly String when people say string theory.
Ron: No, string theory is all built up of one dimensional strings of energy at the fibre.
Laura: I can't imagine having my s*** together enough that it didn't blow my brain to know all this extra stuff about the universe.
Laura: You have to really have a good handle on life before you're ready to think about it all being string.
Laura: I'm not there as far we can.
Ron: Go with the physics.
Ron: We haven't talked about other dimensions.
Ron: We haven't talked about antimatter at all.
Ron: Dark matter.
Laura: I'm really scared of when we have to do space, because I hate space.
Laura: I don't want to talk about how big space is.
Ron: Why?
Laura: I'm really scared of space.
Laura: I don't want to ever go in it.
Laura: And I'm scared one day we're going to have to.
Ron: We'll be long dead.
Laura: Yeah, I hope so.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: That's kind of all that we're doing today, because from here it goes into radioactive decay.
Ron: So we'll do that in another episode.
Laura: All right, well, this was good.
Laura: I feel good.
Ron: Just a nice little recaper, you know?
Laura: And I think I knew most of that.
Ron: I was very impressed with your recall.
Laura: Wicked.
Laura: That's what I say to Mackie sometimes when we're out for a walk.
Laura: All right, Ron.
Laura: Well, listen, this test is going to go swimmingly.
Laura: See you after the sting, all right?
Ron: Okay.
Ron: Hi, Laura.
Laura: Hello, Ron.
Laura: I've got another chocolate orange.
Ron: OOH, love a chocolate orange.
Laura: Yep.
Ron: I ate yesterday an entire bar of peanut Eminem chocolate.
Laura: Oh, was it good?
Ron: A bar of it I ate?
Ron: Yeah, like a big bar of it.
Laura: I love that.
Laura: You were just about to go while I ate all of it.
Laura: I'd be like, no, I didn't like it too.
Laura: Still finished it.
Laura: I'm not idiot.
Ron: I tell you the type of adult I'm trying to be at the moment.
Ron: Fully stocked fruit bowl kind of adult.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: The only problem is that I know the harsh reality of bananas, so I don't put those in the fruit bowl and they have to sit next to it.
Laura: You sound like a sexy adult.
Laura: Yeah, but here's the thing I'm learning about being an adult.
Laura: One, you can't eat a chocolate orange and do a podcast.
Laura: Two, you can't have a full fruit bowl if there's one to two of you in the house, because all the fruit gets ripe at the same time, and then you just have to eat all the fruit at once.
Ron: No, that's not true.
Laura: That's my experience.
Laura: It's just like it's not quite ripe.
Laura: It's not quite ripe.
Laura: And then there's a day where you have to eat a stomach full of fruit and then you get the poops and then you don't want fruit again for years.
Ron: No, because I don't exclusively eat avocados where there's like a one day nectarines.
Laura: Are the same grapes, top ones disguise themselves as healthy grapes and then underneath it's just mush on a stick.
Ron: Oh, grapes.
Ron: You're on a three hour clock.
Laura: Second you leave the shop, they've got longevity oranges.
Laura: You can't even tell when oranges are off.
Laura: You just pick them up and then suddenly you go, this one's hollow, it's empty.
Ron: Yeah, but there's no it's a part.
Laura: Time job keeping an eye on sumer.
Ron: As soon as you leave the shop.
Ron: So just eat it before it goes off.
Ron: Like, why are you waiting till the last possible second?
Laura: Because they're not ready.
Ron: They are ready.
Laura: No, man, I don't know.
Laura: I've got a lot of fruit in the house at the moment and I'm already panicking.
Laura: Would you eat it now?
Ron: Eat it a bit.
Laura: I had a nectarine at lunch, but now I don't want another one today.
Ron: Then you're buying too much fruit.
Laura: Yeah, but then how did you have a fruit?
Laura: How full is your full fruit bowl, then?
Ron: I've got a crate of satsumas, probably four or five apples in there and two lemons.
Ron: And I've got a banana on the kitchen counter because of the harsh reality of bananas.
Laura: See, I keep my lemons separately because lemons are a cooking ingredient.
Ron: Yeah, but they're a popper colour in the fruit bowl.
Laura: Yeah, you might be onto something there, Ron.
Laura: I've got my lemons and a mango in the kitchen.
Ron: Well, then this is why you have a s*** fruit, but you're not keeping your f****** fruit in here.
Laura: Yeah, but the mango needs to be chopped up.
Laura: I can't just like, bite into a mango so that lives in the kitchen ready for prepping.
Ron: Yeah, but I don't trough my fruit out the bowl.
Ron: I take it out, I can prepare it.
Laura: Then I got to go from the dining room to the kitchen and then back to wherever I'm eating.
Ron: These are adjacent rooms.
Laura: Also, I don't like the unwieldy fruits.
Laura: Like a pineapple that just looks stupid in a fruit bowl because it's lying there and it's massive compared to all the other fruit.
Ron: Yeah, pineapples are a bit of a chore.
Laura: I love pineapples, but it's a lot of aggro.
Ron: Yeah, I stick to the classics.
Ron: I stick to the small fruits.
Ron: I stick to citruses that you cook with.
Ron: I have a different little bowl for garlic and ginger.
Laura: My ginger is in the freezer.
Laura: Yeah, in a shop the other day, just like a massive bag of ginger, and I was like, Get that and put it in the freezer.
Ron: It was frozen when you bought it?
Laura: No, but now I can just take a nub out and use it whenever I want.
Ron: Yeah, I go through quite a lot of ginger because I make my ginger teas.
Ron: Anyway, quiz, is it?
Laura: It is quiz.
Ron: So do you remember what we were doing last time?
Laura: Do you know what, Ron?
Laura: I've not got a ScoobyDoo.
Laura: Was it biology?
Laura: No, I've not got a clue.
Laura: Oh, it wasn't was it physics?
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Oh, that's great, because that means we're recording a Biology today.
Ron: We are recording a biology today.
Laura: Physics.
Laura: No.
Laura: I don't know, buddy.
Ron: So we it was kind of like almost a revision episode that we didn't ask for because it was just kind of going over this, the structure of atoms again.
Laura: Okay, all right, well, then I feel good about answering these questions.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: So this quiz is out of 1278.
Ron: 910.
Ron: Seven, eight no.
Ron: Yeah, 1010.
Laura: Okay.
Ron: Cool.
Ron: So the first thing that I want to run you through is standard form.
Laura: Right.
Ron: Do you remember what standard form is?
Laura: No.
Ron: It's that way of portraying either very big or very small numbers.
Laura: Moles.
Ron: No, moles is a number, a very big number.
Ron: We did display what a mole is using standard form, though.
Laura: Oh, hang on.
Laura: Is this all those putting those little numbers at the top?
Ron: Yes.
Laura: Yeah, I remember that.
Laura: So could you please write no, I can't.
Ron: 5.4 times ten to the power of three in normal numbers?
Laura: Five.
Laura: 5.4 yep.
Laura: Times ten to the power of three.
Ron: Yep.
Laura: And you want me to do what?
Ron: Write that as a normal number.
Laura: Okay, so I think ten to the power three is ten times ten times ten.
Laura: So that's 1000.
Laura: So then 5.4 times 1000, I move that little dot.
Laura: One.
Laura: No, other way.
Laura: One, two, three.
Laura: So 5400.
Ron: Exactly.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Okay, that's a mark.
Ron: Well done.
Ron: Ding, ding, ding ding ding ding.
Laura: Look at this.
Laura: Nice notebook I got sent today, Ron.
Laura: Sorry, I hit the microphone with it.
Ron: Musings of brilliance.
Ron: Does it have your name in Boston?
Laura: Musings of a brilliant woman.
Laura: And it's got my name, Laura Lexx embossed in it.
Ron: Who made that for you?
Laura: My friend, Esther Minito.
Laura: Brilliant comedian.
Laura: Shout out to her.
Laura: I directed her Edinburgh show this year and she sent me this lovely little book to say thank you very much.
Ron: That's cute.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: I was going to say, I'd know that name somewhere, and I was like, yeah, because we chat.
Laura: Yeah, she's very funny.
Ron: You ready for question number two?
Laura: I thought that was it, to be honest, and I crushed it with 100%.
Laura: No, I'm torn on physics quizzes now because of Carol doing the stats on how the quizzes are going.
Laura: I don't want physics to be the one I'm doing best at, because it just seems so backwards that that's the case, but I don't want to tank a quiz on purpose.
Ron: Yeah, it is a bit backwards, but I think maybe I give you easier questions in physics because of that.
Laura: Maybe I'm not arguing about it.
Laura: It's fine.
Ron: Anywho.
Ron: Please write nor point, nor.
Laura: Hang on.
Laura: How many naughts?
Laura: North Point, Nort.
Laura: Nor?
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: Six, seven, eight.
Ron: In standard form.
Laura: In standard form?
Ron: Yes.
Laura: I don't know what that means.
Ron: Yes, you do.
Ron: You just got the first question right.
Laura: Let's have a guess here.
Laura: So would that be 67.8 to the power something?
Ron: When you do standard form, it's always one digit point something.
Laura: All right, so I'm going to guess that is 6.78 1234 to the no, wait, how do we do that, then?
Laura: 6.78 times ten to the power of minus five?
Ron: Ding.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Yes, that's standard form.
Laura: I just used my Sherlock type intuition there.
Ron: Yeah, that was really good.
Ron: Yeah, standard form is useful.
Ron: So now do you understand a little bit more, like when it's moles, when it's like 6.28 times ten to the 23, like what that means?
Laura: I don't really understand why that's any easier to have 6.78 times something than just putting naught point naughts and six, seven, eight.
Laura: It's taken up exactly the same amount of space on my piece of paper.
Ron: Yeah, with that.
Ron: But you can see if it was 23 zeros.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: All right, reasonable is that sort of thing.
Ron: Also, the other reason is that if you were to multiply two of these numbers together, if we took the two standard form numbers that we've got there, if we wanted to multiply 5400 by this 0.67 a basically the ten times the ten to the three and the ten to the minus five.
Ron: You can just kind of cancel those out and then you get ten to the minus two.
Ron: Like those numbers just kind of instantly chop each other.
Laura: Yeah.
Ron: So it can help make sums a bit easier as well.
Ron: Cool.
Ron: Right, so on to off of maths and back into physics.
Ron: We're going to do a slightly more open question, where you just have to answer it and then there are five marks you can get, but it's not as.
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: Please describe the structure of an atom.
Laura: I don't know where to start.
Ron: Doesn't matter where you start.
Laura: Can I get marked down if I say something stupid, if I hit the five things I have to say, does it matter if everything else around it is weird?
Ron: If you say something like outwardly wrong?
Ron: Yeah.
Ron: You're not going to get full marks.
Laura: It's very dark in here, isn't it?
Ron: It's very dark in here as well.
Ron: That's just the light of my screen.
Ron: Look at this.
Ron: If I switch to something else oh, yeah.
Laura: My screen is not really illuminating me.
Laura: Maybe I'm too far away from it.
Laura: I'll fix that instead of answering your question.
Laura: Right, okay.
Laura: So an atom is mostly space.
Laura: In the middle of the atom are neutrons and protons of varying amounts, and then around the outside in shells around the nucleus, which is where the neutrons and protons are hiding, even though nobody really knows if the nucleus is a thing or not.
Laura: There's electrons and the electrons surround the nucleus in formations.
Laura: And again, the formation and the number of shells depends on the element.
Ron: And what sort of keeps the electrons around the nucleus charge.
Laura: So whether or not they are attracted to the protons in the may or.
Ron: May not be nucleus, and the protons.
Laura: Are positive and the electrons are negative and the neutrons are neutral.
Ron: Five Marks.
Ron: Laura.
Laura: Ding ding, ding ding, ding.
Ron: So I gave you a mark for protons and neutrons in the nucleus, a mark for a positively charged nucleus, and a mark for negatively charged electrons, a mark for energy shells, and a mark for mostly empty space, which was weirdly, the first thing you said.
Laura: Well, that's what I said.
Laura: I never know where to start.
Ron: No, I'm not saying it was weird.
Laura: Why is that weirdly?
Laura: The first thing I said because I.
Ron: Thought that if I would have I would have guessed that if you weren't to get one of the marks, that would be the one that you wouldn't get.
Laura: That's the one I think about the most because it's really ruined my life.
Ron: Well, you're on seven for seven at the moment.
Ron: No pressure.
Ron: What's the atomic number of beryllion?
Laura: 9.1.
Ron: No, four is four.
Ron: But.
Laura: Why I said it.
Ron: You said 9.01.
Laura: What were you getting that from?
Ron: You said 9.01.
Laura: No, not by the time I read it.
Ron: The mass number of oxygen.
Laura: 16 point anything?
Laura: Not according to the periodic table of the elements.
Laura: Promise?
Laura: It just says, look, hang on.
Laura: 16.
Ron: Go to the right a little bit.
Ron: It does.
Ron: Just say 16.
Ron: Only says yes.
Ron: Mark then mark.
Ron: Well done.
Ron: And then finally, who was James Chadwick?
Laura: Who?
Laura: James.
Ron: James Chadwick.
Laura: James.
Laura: Was he the one who rolled out the gold foil?
Ron: Is that your answer?
Ron: Don't ask me a question.
Laura: James Chadwick.
Laura: Hang on, I know that this name is not in my notes.
Laura: Oh, f***.
Laura: I didn't take any notes.
Ron: He wasn't particularly hunky candle maker.
Laura: What?
Ron: Chad wick.
Laura: James Chadwick.
Laura: I've got a feeling actually it was Rutherford that did the gold foil.
Laura: Experiment.
Laura: So that wouldn't be James Chadwick.
Laura: It's a trick question.
Laura: James Chadwick is not a scientist.
Laura: It's a tricko.
Laura: You love trickos.
Ron: I do love tricos, but this isn't one.
Laura: Has anybody put that on their labrat?
Laura: Bingo yet?
Ron: A tricky trickos.
Ron: No.
Laura: I love trickos.
Ron: I love trickos too.
Ron: No, it's not.
Ron: James Chadwick discovered the Neutron.
Laura: Yeah, I should remember that.
Laura: Jimmy Neutron.
Laura: He was a cartoon character, wasn't he?
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Do you think that's why he was called that?
Ron: No.
Laura: All right.
Laura: Would he get that?
Laura: Eight out of ten, though.
Ron: Eight out of ten points.
Laura: Eight out of ten cats.
Laura: Let's count down.
Laura: Won't have me on the show ourselves.
Laura: Over to us.
Ron: I think it's like you've been asking a lot.
Laura: I have every TV show in the world.
Laura: I've asked a lot.
Laura: They will say, no, thank you.
Ron: I've watched a couple of episodes of Qi recently.
Laura: Yeah, they should have me on as well.
Ron: When you have the same three people, it seems, circulating.
Laura: It's because TV gets really freaked out.
Laura: They go, oh.
Laura: If the general public sees someone they don't recognise, they'll throw their televisions out the window because they'll get spoof anyway.
Laura: All right, outro time.
Laura: Ron.
Laura: That's one of my favourite episodes in ages.
Laura: I really liked that one.
Ron: Yeah.
Laura: Maybe we should do a musical chill.
Ron: It was very chill.
Ron: A peaceful episode day, man.
Laura: Maybe we could do ALexx education musical panto next year for Christmas.
Ron: I think, Laura, what you need is more work and projects.
Laura: I love working projects.
Ron: But also, you're not musical.
Laura: I'm music.
Laura: I sing all the time.
Ron: We should do it.
Ron: Arc capella.
Laura: Yeah.
Laura: No, wait, you're talking.
Ron: I got you.
Laura: Well, listen, thanks for listening, everyone.
Laura: I very much enjoyed that episode.
Laura: Don't forget Patreon comseducation for our first geography lesson on Friday.
Laura: We will hopefully see you there and we love you very much.
Laura: And happy science, everyone.
Laura: Next week will be no, ignore.
Ron: What are you talking about?
Laura: What I was going to say.
Laura: Next week will be our Valentines, but it won't be.
Laura: It'll be the week after.
Ron: It will be the week after because that's when Valentine's Day is.
Laura: Oh, my God, I hate you so much.
Laura: Why are you so antagonistic?
Ron: Because I'm the Oscar of the situation.
Laura: Love you, everybody.
Laura: Love.
Ron: Class dismissed, Nard pups.
Ron: Thank you.
