Valve Slap

 Laura: Hello and welcome to another episode of Lexx Education, the Comedy Science Podcast, where comedian me Laura Lexx tries to learn science from her nerdy younger brother Ron. And normally at this point point Ron would go, Hello, I'm wrong. But he's not here because he's shirking his podcasting responsibilities in favour of a weekend away and I would be mad at him and curse out his lack of dedication to the podcast. But actually, I think maybe he just has a healthy work life balance and we could all learn a thing or two from Ron.

So, listen, he's not here. If you were on Team Ron, shift your arse out of it and into Team Laura, because I'm clearly the winner kid of the podcast. So I won't keep you long, because without Ron here to chat to in this introduction a bit, it's just me, but I just wanted to say thank you very much for all your excitement on social media this week. We've had a few announcements. Thank you for your positivity about that. You might have seen that we've joined a podcast network. We've joined a podcast network called Emmeline, which is brand new. It's specifically designed to help women and nonbinary podcasters. So Emmeline are great in that, normally to get on a podcast network. You have to be already a hit podcast and then they want you because you've got lots of advertising stuff. Whereas Emmeline are coming to smaller podcasts like ours. Little tiny indie babies. And saying, Hey, we know you're not going to want to send any money right now. But we like what you're doing and we want to nurture you and we want to change it so that more women can be in podcasting. So we've joined them.

Let's just get into the episode now. It's biology. It's pretty interesting and cool this week, so get ready to learn all about how you work. I can't believe you waited that whole time for me to eat that thing going, are you ready?

*School bell sound*

*Ron coughs grossly and is gross*

Laura: I love that the second I started recording, you, like, choked on some water and hocked it up into the microphone.

Ron: But you got to wet the pipes. You've got to wet the pipes before you start.

Laura: Don’t say wet the pipes.

Laura: Hello, Ron.

Ron: Episode 16 Back in Biology I think you're going to love this episode.

Laura: Really?

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: Good, because last week was garbage that I know the quiz went all right, but that electricity was so dry.

Ron: Yeah, don't worry, we got another two weeks till we're back in those calm seas.

Ron: I think you're going to enjoy this one.

Ron: It's all going to be stuff that you've heard of before and you're just going to learn how it works.

Ron: Oh, stuff you could see and punch if you wanted to.

Laura: Yes.

Laura: Like how a zebra gets it striped.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Not like that, though.

Ron: So today, the first thing that we're going to learn about is the heart tagline, the organ that beans are good for.

Laura: The heart, and I'm going to put an exclamation mark next to that in my notes.

Ron: Okay.

Ron: What can you tell me about the heart off the top of your head?

Ron: What do you know about it?

Ron: It's structure is what we're going to be doing first.

Laura: It doesn't make blood.

Ron: No, the blood's already in the veins, much like a circuit.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: The blood is made in bone caves.

Laura: The heart is a pump, I think it's got, like, four caves in.

Laura: It like four different vestibules.

Ron: Not everything's a cave.

Laura: No, but do you know what I mean?

Laura: Like a vestibule.

Laura: I think it's got four it's got valves, because you can have to have.

Ron: Valve surgeries, ventricles, tricuspid, bicaspid, pulmonary no.

Laura: Those are sea creatures.

Laura: Arteries go out and veins go in.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: We're going to cover that later.

Ron: Veins go in vain.

Ron: But then I thought arteries was the way we could remember.

Laura: Yeah, arteries, art.

Laura: You go like that.

Laura: That's how I think of it.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: I mean, nothing you said there was false.

Ron: So we don't call them vestibules.

Ron: They're different parts of the you actually weren't that far off.

Ron: So it has two atriums, which is like a vestibule, and then the other two bits are called ventricle.

Ron: Ventricle.

Laura: That's the word I was trying did I say ventricles?

Ron: No, you said festerpuster.

Laura: I said ventricles at one point, didn't I?

Ron: No.

Laura: That'S a tiny little bruise.

Laura: Two atriums.

Laura: That is practically a vestibule.

Laura: That, isn't it?

Laura: The heart is like a little hotel.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Two Atriums and two Heartbreak Hotel.

Ron: Elvis Each atrium is connected to one of the ventricles, and there is a one way valve between them.

Laura: One way.

Ron: The sound of your heart beating is the sound of those valves slapping open and closed.

Laura: Yeah, that is less romantic.

Laura: I love lying on Tom's chest and listening to his heartbeat.

Ron: And now I'm just listening to his valve slap.

Laura: So wait, what were you saying?

Laura: Because I wasn't singing.

Laura: Listening.

Laura: I was singing.

Laura: One goes from the atrium into the ventricle via a one way flap.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Essentially, there's two halves to the heart, and they have slightly different purposes.

Ron: Do you know the two different purposes of each half of the heart?

Laura: One is for love, and one is for decisions.

Ron: No.

Laura: One is for cleaning the blood, processing it.

Laura: No.

Laura: Ron's eyebrows did a weird flick.

Laura: One is for moving the blood around, and one is for pumping it up, getting it ready and excited.

Laura: Like when you're at Tower of Terror at Disneyland and you move through the queue into various different rooms, first of all, and then you get more and more excited as you go through, and then, whoa.

Laura: You're pumped around the body.

Ron: No, it's not quite yet.

Ron: It's actually much more exciting than that.

Ron: One half more excitement.

Laura: Hour of terror.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: One half pumps deoxcinated blood from the body to the lungs and around the lungs.

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: Do you know the word pulmonary.

Laura: Yeah, pulmonary embolism.

Laura: That one raising after me.

Ron: Pulmonary basically just means lungs.

Ron: So there's the pulmonary side of the heart that pumps stuff to the lungs, and then the other half of the heart that pumps the newly oxygenated blood back around the body again to get deoxygenated.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: But you did say that this was going to be more exciting than Tower of Terror.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: There's some lies you've told here, Ron.

Ron: Let's journey with some blood through the heart.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: We are excited about this, aren't you, little weasel?

Ron: Have you ever touched a heart?

Laura: No, I don't think so.

Ron: No.

Ron: I've dissected them before.

Ron: It's fun.

Laura: Yes, like a pig's heart.

Ron: I think it was a sheep's heart.

Laura: I remember dissecting a pig's eye and finding it really gross because they'd left on all of the flesh from around the eyeball, so you could make it.

Ron: We put one in a boy's pocket.

Laura: Horrible.

Ron: Okay, we're going to follow some blood from the body.

Ron: Okay?

Ron: So do you know what the vein.

Laura: Is from the body?

Laura: What are we doing?

Laura: Just doing some blood letting.

Ron: No, from the body into the heart.

Laura: The heart's in the body?

Laura: You can't say from the body into the heart.

Ron: From most of the body into the heart.

Laura: That's more precise.

Laura: Thank you very much, Ron, for being scientific.

Ron: More scientifical.

Ron: Do you know the name of the blood vessel that takes deoscinated blood into the heart?

Laura: The jugular.

Ron: No.

Ron: It sounds like a drink that you might like.

Laura: The Rio Vein.

Ron: No.

Laura: The vein of carver.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So the vein of Carver is the biggest vein in the body.

Ron: It takes blood into the heart from the rest of the body.

Ron: There are two halves of it.

Ron: One coming from the top, one coming from the bottom.

Laura: Wait, two halves of the same vein?

Ron: Well, the vein kind of goes all the way up and down your body.

Ron: Obviously, your heart is halfway.

Ron: So your heart takes blood from above and below.

Laura: Right.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: The superior veneer, carver, comes from above.

Ron: The inferior veneer, carver, comes from below.

Laura: That seems stupid because there's way more below than there is above.

Ron: The most important stuff is above.

Laura: Not for me.

Ron: I suppose that is true.

Ron: So blood goes into the right atrium from the veinicava?

Laura: Yes, that's what I've just drawn.

Ron: Lovely.

Ron: The atriums themselves don't pump.

Ron: They have saggy flappy walls.

Laura: Oh, no.

Laura: Don't body shame the heart.

Laura: So they're kind of like they get inflated.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So the blood goes in and then the right ventricle will pump out the blood that's already in it.

Laura: And then when the vein drops, the blood off in the heart.

Laura: Is the blood just loose in the heart after that?

Ron: What do you mean?

Laura: When the blood is in your lungs, it's all in capillaries, isn't it?

Laura: In little thingies veins in that?

Laura: Is it always in veins in the heart or does the vener just drop it off into this saggy, fluffy bag.

Ron: There's no valve in between the vener and the atrium.

Laura: So it's just like, loose?

Ron: Well, it's not loose.

Ron: There's no air in the heart.

Ron: The atrium is just full of blood.

Laura: It's loose blood.

Ron: What do you mean by loose, though?

Ron: I don't understand the difference between it being in the atrium to it being in a vein.

Laura: Yeah, I guess so.

Laura: But it just feels like it's bigger in the atrium, doesn't it?

Ron: Yeah, it is.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: So it's loose.

Ron: It's not loose.

Laura: It's tightly packed in there, like in Tower of Terror.

Laura: They let too many people into little bit where you have to listen to the video.

Ron: It's not relatable content.

Ron: So goes into the atrium, and then the right ventricle will pump out the blood that's got in it, and then it will open again, and it will all of the blood from the atrium into the ventricle through the one way valve.

Ron: This one is called the tricuspid valve, but you don't need to remember that.

Laura: Hang on a minute.

Laura: It goes in the atrium and then it fills itself up.

Laura: It pumps it into the bottom one.

Laura: Into the vestibule.

Ron: Yes.

Laura: Why doesn't it just go straight in there?

Laura: Why does it have to stop in the top one?

Ron: Because the bottom one, I think, is already full of blood.

Ron: And then it pumps out that blood, and then it sucks in the atrium blood.

Laura: So where's the blood from the bottom one going into the left hand side.

Ron: No, that's kind of where the story's going now.

Laura: I'm so confused, Ron.

Ron: So the ventricle pumps the blood.

Ron: It goes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery.

Ron: Okay.

Ron: And then that blood goes to the.

Laura: Lungs, the inferior and the superior.

Laura: They're both going into the top right cupboards.

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: The right atrium.

Ron: Yes.

Laura: The top one?

Ron: Yes.

Ron: It is on top.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: It's not really part of it.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: It still works if you hang upside down like a bat.

Laura: So they will go in there.

Laura: Some blood goes in there.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: And then it goes to the next ronald.

Laura: Ronald.

Laura: And then the flap goes, and all the blood droops into the bottom cupboard.

Ron: Yes.

Laura: Why isn't that one big cupboard?

Laura: Why does it need to be two different things?

Laura: What happens to it in the first one?

Laura: That means that that is a necessary.

Ron: Step in the process, because when it's in the ventricle, it's in between two one way valves.

Ron: So it's in between the tricuspid valve.

Ron: That's in between the atrium and the ventricle, and it's in between and then there's the pulmonary valve as well.

Ron: That is in between the ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Ron: So when it's in there, it can give it a really good f****** squeeze.

Ron: And we know that it's going to go in the right direction because it's in between two one way valves.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: So it goes into the top path.

Laura: That's number one.

Laura: Then it gets valve pumped down into the bottom one.

Laura: Wait around in there for a second.

Ron: Yes, momentarily.

Laura: And then watches another video.

Ron: The ventricles down at the bottom are the bits that have the muscles and they're the actual pumps.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: So it then will squeeze.

Laura: So then that gets all squeeze in and then it goes left.

Ron: Then it goes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary article.

Ron: It doesn't move into the second half of the heart yet it goes out the heart again.

Laura: What?

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: What if it's raining?

Laura: That's the worst bit.

Laura: When you think you've got to the indoor queueing bit and then it makes you go back out again.

Laura: The bloody crash crash ride does that.

Laura: So wait, where's it going?

Laura: It's hopping out of the heart for a minute.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So all of the blood that we've talked about so far, that is deoxygenated blood that is coming from the body, right?

Laura: If you say so.

Ron: I'm telling you that it's all dehydrated blood.

Ron: So then it leads to the pulmonary artery.

Ron: So we can work out what that does by its name.

Ron: Pulmonary means lungs.

Ron: Artery means away from the heart.

Ron: So it's going out of the heart to the lungs.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Oh, yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: Up there, down there.

Laura: Off to the lungs.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So then the deoxynated blood goes to the lungs tubes, actually has the oxygen coming in from the lungs.

Ron: We'll learn more about the lungs in a bit, so don't worry too much about them.

Laura: I'm just trying to make my drawing of lungs look less like two b*** kidney beans.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Now they look like hairy balls.

Laura: I tried to get some capillary veins.

Ron: Yeah, that's a ball set.

Laura: Like a nasty skirt.

Laura: I'll write lungs so I know what's happening.

Laura: Okay, so the pulmonary artery is going to the lungs.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Goes to the lungs.

Ron: Feasts on oxygen.

Ron: Takes all of the oxygen out of the air that you've just breathed in and then it's going to head back to the heart, to the other side.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: So then oxygen comes in, the blood tastes freedom.

Laura: It sees the light of day up your throat.

Laura: But no, it sucked back in to the top half of the heart on the left hand side.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: To the left atrium.

Laura: Going back up into the vestibule.

Ron: The pulmonary veins.

Laura: Pulmonary veins.

Ron: So this is now oxygenated blood.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: I like this.

Ron: It's in the left atrium and then the exact same mechanism, it'll get sucked into the left ventricle and then the left ventricle will pump and it will push the blood through the aorta, which you've probably heard of ayora around the body.

Laura: Come on, Ron.

Laura: That one was fine.

Ron: Aorta.

Ron: I hardly knew it.

Laura: And then the aorta goes out off round the body.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Through the aortic valve into the aorta.

Laura: What's the jugular?

Ron: I think the jugular is the artery that takes blood to the head, but I'm not 100% sure.

Laura: Well, I've done a drawing.

Laura: It sort of looks like a butterfly that's been run over next to a ball sack.

Ron: Do you want to show me your drawing?

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: It got messier than I'd have liked, but I think pretty good.

Ron: F****** h***.

Laura: I'm not very good at drawing, so I just do some shapes.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: You've joined them on the wrong sides as well.

Laura: No, you said the left and the right.

Ron: It might just be myriad because of the zoom call.

Laura: Which side is left?

Laura: I guess if you put that in me, it would be not my left and right now.

Ron: Yeah, that's the thing, is that your heart has the same left and right as you.

Ron: So when you look at it, it's the other way around.

Laura: I'm imagining that I'm getting that like a transfer tattoo on me.

Laura: So it is the right way around.

Ron: Do you know how the heart regulates its beating?

Laura: I'm going to shock you here on but I don't know.

Ron: So there's actually a group of cells in the right atrium that connect to the nerves in your heart and literally just like, send out a little pulse at a regular interval and act like a pacemaker.

Ron: So when someone has an artificial pacemaker inserted into their art, it's this that they are sort of replacing or fixing.

Ron: And then what happens is this sort of electrical signal then goes all the way down to the bottom of the heart through an insulated nerve in the septum of the heart, I think.

Ron: And then it gets to the bottom.

Ron: When it gets to the bottom, the impulse will then split and go up both sides of the ventricle.

Ron: And then as it goes, it will compress from the bottom and squeeze all of the blood out of the heart.

Laura: So it's just your brain thinks about it and then it happens?

Ron: No, there's a group of cells in the heart that make it happen.

Laura: But you said then they go and get a brain impulse.

Ron: No, I didn't.

Ron: I said it was a nerve impulse.

Laura: Say it all again then, because I don't think I was listening.

Ron: Pacemaker in the right atrium.

Ron: That sends out the pacemaker.

Laura: It sets the pace.

Ron: Did you black out for 45 seconds?

Laura: Sometimes when you start talking, I don't listen because of stuff going on.

Laura: And then with the rest of what you're saying, I'm thinking, I don't know what this means because I didn't listen to the first bit.

Laura: And then I'm thinking, so when he stops talking and starts looking at me, what shall I say to make it look like I've understood?

Laura: So then I end up not hearing any of it because I've been thinking about how to solve the problem of not having heard the first bit.

Ron: Yeah, I do that at work quite a lot, but no.

Ron: So there's a pacemaker in the right atrium.

Laura: It's sending out pacemaker in the right atrium.

Ron: It's sending out flips on a regular basis when you're resting.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: Then in the middle of your heart there's a septum.

Laura: Like in my nose?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Well, it's exactly the same.

Ron: It's like a wall that blocks the two halves off.

Laura: Is your septum, like, really weird shape or is yours just straight?

Ron: I don't know.

Laura: Mine's got a big bend in it.

Ron: Well, inside.

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: No, I think mine is normal.

Laura: That way sticks out and that way it's like a moon shape.

Laura: It goes back.

Ron: That's weird.

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Can you breathe through both sides of your nose at the same time?

Ron: Most of the time, yeah.

Laura: I can't.

Laura: I can only ever breathe through one side at a time.

Ron: I know why that is, actually.

Laura: Why?

Ron: So when you've got a cold one side at work, apparently your life is like this all the time.

Ron: That's f***** up, but fine.

Ron: So in normal people, you only really notice that when you've got a cold, and it will be you can only breathe through one nostril at a time and then the other one gets blocked.

Ron: So it's because your nose naturally regulates air flow through each nostril, because some smells are better to be smelt slowly and some smells are better to be smelt quickly, so it will regulate it so that you can get maximum smelling.

Laura: That's fun.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: I must be missing out on so many smells.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: So we got a pacemaker up in the top, right.

Laura: That's sending out blips going do a squeeze.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So the thing to know about this is that it sends the blip down a nerve that is in the septum.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: You've got a nerve.

Ron: This nerve is insulated.

Ron: So when it's travelling down the myelin sheath yes.

Ron: Down.

Laura: The septum is not impressed when I say helpful things.

Ron: Oh, great.

Laura: Winds picking up.

Laura: So that's an uninsulated sheet.

Ron: When it's going down there, it's insulated, so it's not triggering anything.

Ron: It gets to the bottom of the heart and then it's not insulated anymore.

Ron: So as it travels back up the.

Laura: Metric.

Ron: It triggers the compressing, so it squeezes from the bottom and therefore gets all of the lovely blood out of the heart.

Laura: So the nerve is like a horseshoe.

Ron: Shape, more like an anchor, because it goes up both sides.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: All right.

Laura: Looks a bit like an IUD coil.

Laura: That's what they look like.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: I've seen one.

Ron: Snarly whoa.

Laura: How deep were you going down on her?

Ron: Well, gracefully, the bit that gives me the willies about it is the threads that they have to leave so you can yank it back out again.

Ron: The fact that that's just always there horrific.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: But then if you've got one you're like, it's no weirder than the metal T junction sitting just above that.

Ron: Okay, moving on.

Ron: Women's rapidly diminishing body choices.

Ron: The body contains three different types of blood vessels.

Ron: We've named all of them, so I won't quiz you on the arteries.

Ron: Veins?

Ron: Capillaries.

Laura: Arteries.

Laura: Veins and capillaries.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: It says that stupid.

Laura: Capillary.

Laura: Sounds like a type of monkey, doesn't it?

Ron: As much as anything.

Laura: Somebody's grumpy today.

Laura: I think you should have had more to eat before we recorded.

Ron: I'm not grumpy.

Laura: You're just really enjoying the subject.

Laura: So you don't want my nonsense?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: It's biology week.

Laura: We're in it, we're doing it and I'm concentrating.

Laura: Look at all these notes.

Ron: Yeah, we're having a lot of heart.

Laura: Looks even worse now.

Laura: I've drawn that nerve in it.

Laura: Now the heart looks like a ball tack as well.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: That's going to mean f*** all to you next week.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So it says students should be able to explain how the structure of these vessels relates to their function.

Ron: Okay.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: Should I do that?

Ron: Now we're going to discuss it.

Laura: Cool.

Ron: So arteries, they're taking blood out of the heart.

Ron: So how do you think they might be adapted to that job?

Laura: Downward sloping.

Ron: What.

Laura: They just slope away from the heart?

Laura: Let gravity help.

Ron: No, try again.

Laura: Muscular, kind of.

Laura: Oh, wicked.

Ron: They're taking the blood out, so they're going to be under the most intense pressure because they're right next to where the pump is pumping it.

Laura: So they're going to be tough.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So they got tough walls.

Laura: Oh, okay.

Laura: Tough walls.

Ron: Whereas the veins are a bit saggier.

Laura: They're like a new build.

Laura: They've just got s****** walls.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: And then you have capillaries.

Ron: So capillaries are very small, little thin little blood vessels.

Ron: I've written my notes.

Ron: Laura, you're a white woman.

Laura: Yes.

Laura: Observant run.

Ron: Well, if you push your skin and it goes all white, that is because you have pushed all of the blood out of the capillaries in that area.

Laura: Poor capillaries.

Ron: They're very thin.

Ron: They're basically so that you can get blood into all areas of your tissues and your body parts and whatnot.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: And then the capillary basically a small vein or a small artery.

Ron: Well, they're kind of their own thing, because in veins and arteries, the idea is kind of just to get the blood for me to be as quickly, like from either to the heart or from the heart to where it's supposed to go.

Ron: Whereas capillaries are more designed to allow the oxygen out in the CO2 in so they're made out of different stuff.

Ron: I think you'll like this.

Ron: I have to double cheque this, but I think the cells that capillaries are made out of are called squamous cells.

Ron: The squamous epithelium is the name for squamous epithelium.

Laura: Feels like a right wing pundit that pops up on Twitter one day and there's a knob for likes.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: So that's capillaries, that's the blood vessels, they all make sense, yeah?

Laura: Yes.

Ron: Okay, cool.

Ron: So now we're going to move on to the lungs.

Ron: Do you know what the purpose of the lungs is?

Laura: Look fit, push your dips out.

Laura: I've got to be honest, I'm watching videos on Twitter instead of listening.

Laura: The lungs, they are an exchange surface for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Laura: They have a large surface area.

Ron: Beautiful.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Do you know much about the structure of the lungs?

Laura: They have a large surface area and take advantage of concentration gradients.

Ron: Yeah, you kind of jumped ahead.

Ron: Actually, one of the questions I was going to ask you is they've got a large surface area.

Ron: This is brought about by a structure called the alveoli.

Laura: Yes.

Laura: The garlic.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: They look like knobs or garlic or like bunches of grapes or something.

Ron: These structures are covered in capillaries so.

Laura: That there's lots of blood to dominate with capillaries.

Ron: I think I might have told you this before, but if you took all of the alveoli in your lungs and flatten them out to get all the surface area, it would be about the size of a tennis court.

Laura: Mind blown one.

Ron: I know.

Ron: Do you know much about the rest of the structure of the ones?

Laura: There's two bits.

Ron: So you have the wind pipe, the jugular.

Ron: No, that's called the trachea.

Laura: Trachea?

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: Like a trachea optima.

Laura: And then yeah, it's kind of like two bags, isn't it?

Laura: On either side?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: One's bigger than the other because s***.

Laura: Is that right?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So one has a bit missing, kind of where the heart is.

Laura: Important stuff go in the same place.

Laura: It feels like you want to spread that out a bit, doesn't it?

Ron: Well, it's all they're protected behind the ribs.

Laura: My ribs aren't very strong.

Ron: Yeah, but you're just a brittle breakable.

Ron: Peach bruising person.

Laura: Tiny bird lady.

Laura: I have got this little bruise.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: That's where Mackie licked me.

Ron: It's because you're weak.

Ron: So the track here splits into two tubes that then go to each of the lungs.

Ron: These are called the bronchi, or singularly.

Laura: The broncos, mate.

Laura: We're going to the Broncos.

Laura: We got the New York lungs.

Ron: Then when these are in the lungs, they split into secondary and then tertiary bronchi.

Laura: Tertiary bronchi.

Laura: He's just a toy bronchi.

Ron: And then when they get very small, they will split into things called bronchioles.

Laura: Bronchioles.

Ron: And then the bronchioles and then the alveoli, which we've discussed before.

Laura: Yes, I've done a really good drawing of that.

Ron: So we've got the large surface area because of the alveoli.

Ron: We've got the lots of capillaries to get the blood supply pumping.

Ron: Can you think I think we discussed this before.

Ron: Can you think of the other thing that the lungs are to increase the diffusion of the gases?

Laura: Thin walls.

Ron: Yeah, that's very true.

Ron: Not what I was thinking of, but yeah.

Laura: Let me go and find my notes on exchange services.

Laura: God.

Laura: Scrooping back through this book is really at the end of this.

Laura: We should auction this book off.

Laura: Use salt to kill slugs.

Laura: Muck death.

Laura: I don't even know what that's talking about.

Laura: Where were we doing exchange surfaces?

Laura: No, I think it might have been one of those middle episodes where I just didn't make notes for a while.

Laura: Yeah, that didn't it goes from chemistry three to episode nine.

Laura: No wait, that's right.

Laura: Chemistry three would be episode nine.

Ron: Didn't you do some episodes in the back of the book.com?

Laura: What does that mean?

Laura: Stem cells totepotent.

Laura: Was that it?

Laura: No, resulted forces.

Laura: I should tear that page out of the book.

Ron: Butter.com.

Ron: If you go to it, it's just a picture of some toast with some heart shaped butter on it.

Laura: No, I haven't had any notes on that bit.

Laura: They're wet.

Laura: They're wet?

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: I'd never have got that.

Laura: A month monday.

Laura: Is blood in a solution?

Ron: It is.

Ron: But there's not just blood in your lungs.

Ron: If there's blood in your lungs, you've got problems.

Laura: I think this is what's confusing me.

Laura: What is my body full of then?

Ron: What do you mean?

Laura: I thought the blood was just like loose.

Laura: The blood is always in the veins and stuff.

Laura: Is it?

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: So what's everything else?

Ron: Cells.

Laura: What kind of cells?

Ron: What different types of cells?

Ron: Muscle cells, fat cells, bones, organ cells.

Laura: So the heart is really the only bit where it's loose and even then it's not that loose.

Ron: It's never loose.

Ron: If it's loose you've got problems.

Laura: Yeah, but you know what I mean.

Laura: I thought blood was going to be sloshing a bit more.

Ron: No, that's how insects work.

Ron: So they have something called an open circulatory system.

Ron: So basically the blood does they are basically just a bag of blood and then they have a tube from their a** to their head that has like twelve hearts and it pumps a** blood to their head and it just goes round and round.

Laura: Great.

Laura: Insects, summer, they're living a slamming life.

Laura: None of this tightly regulated nonsense.

Laura: What are they wet with these lungs then?

Laura: Just water.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: And also something called suffactant.

Laura: That sounds like a cleaning fluid.

Laura: Surfactant.

Ron: What's that so interestingly with the alveoli?

Ron: These structures are so delicate that the water tension in the water that wets your lungs would destroy the destroy the alveoli and crush your lungs from inside.

Ron: All right.

Ron: Wet lungs get back to loserville.

Laura: Yes.

Ron: The surface tension of the water in your lungs, the wetness in your lungs would crush the alveoli.

Ron: So there's something called sufactin that is just kind of like a chemical and actually a chemical that's in your lungs stops the surface tension.

Ron: Sometimes babies are born without sulfactant and then they have real trouble breathing.

Laura: Can you pump it in?

Ron: Yeah, I didn't think it's fatal.

Laura: That's good.

Laura: These capillaries in the Iowa all over the thing and those are floating in just water.

Ron: No.

Laura: What else is lungs then?

Laura: Like a muscle?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Well it's just lung meat.

Laura: But what's the meat then?

Ron: Lung.

Ron: It's just kind of like tessellating alveoli joined by tubes with blood vessels going through it.

Laura: In water?

Ron: No, it's not in water, it's just all.

Ron: Wet.

Laura: What else is there?

Laura: So just air around it.

Ron: No lung meat tubes.

Laura: There's tubes packed together with tubes and there's no gaps?

Ron: No.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: There's not really any.

Laura: Apart from, like my whole body is just full.

Ron: It's all functional?

Ron: Yes.

Ron: There's no ground sites in your body where it's like yeah.

Ron: We were thinking about building something here, but actually we decided not to.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: All right.

Ron: The closest thing that humans have to that is fat, because that's not really doing anything, but then it is an energy reserve.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Your sort of inclination that animals are bags, the bags are certain size.

Ron: You'll fill it up with as much as you need.

Laura: It felt like a bag.

Laura: Like my legs and stuff, they feel like they're just solid getting away.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: I thought my torso just had a bit more just cracking on space in it.

Ron: No, not really.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: All right.

Laura: Is that everything we've got to learn today?

Ron: We're just going to do a little bit on blood, but not much.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: So not just Spike and Angel's favourite food.

Ron: Also an essential component of many creatures.

Laura: You're sort of writing these notes just for you, really, and then you get out the courage to read them out sometimes.

Laura: It's very cute.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Well, it's because sometimes I do write funny stuff in my notes, but then I don't.

Ron: I just be like, here's a joke I wrote for myself while I was doing this.

Laura: That's my whole life from that's all I do for a living.

Laura: Hey, guys, look at me.

Laura: I thought of this thing earlier.

Ron: What can you tell me about blood?

Laura: Laura, what are you doing?

Ron: Stretching my spine.

Laura: What's this little dance you're doing?

Laura: A little spinny dance?

Laura: Yeah.

Ron: Try it.

Ron: Feels good.

Laura: I don't like that.

Laura: What's the question?

Ron: What do you know about blood?

Laura: It's busy, it's packed in, it's never got a moment of freedom.

Ron: Isn't it loose blood?

Laura: No.

Laura: I suppose loose blood is like a bruise, isn't it?

Ron: Well, that's bleeding.

Laura: So if I've got a bruise, a vein is broken and some blood's, like, got out.

Ron: I think that's smashed capillaries, but I might be wrong.

Laura: Oh, babies.

Laura: Oh, no.

Laura: And then they're all sad and the blood goes yellow.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: Sorry for my capillaries now.

Laura: So if I got weak capillaries, is that why I brew so much?

Ron: Yeah, maybe I've got soft capillaries.

Laura: Anyway, what can I tell you about blood?

Laura: Blood is made in bone marrows.

Laura: Bone cave blood comes in red and white variations.

Laura: It's blue sometimes, like on those little wrist bits.

Ron: So your blood actually changes colour based on how oxygenated it is and how happy you are?

Laura: No, like a mood ring for that fish.

Laura: It's like, Whoa, you're a sceptical person because the fish has fallen off your hand.

Laura: Your blood is a bit like that.

Laura: If it's green, you fancy the boy next to you.

Laura: Have you stopped listening?

Ron: Yeah, sorry, I was just finding something out because I thought you were going to ask me something.

Laura: Blood comes in cells.

Ron: No, it doesn't.

Laura: Yes, it does.

Laura: Blood cells?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: It doesn't come in the cells, though.

Ron: It's made of cells.

Laura: Yeah, that's what I mean.

Laura: It comes in sales.

Laura: That's what it comes in.

Ron: I don't want to get into this with you right now, because this sounds like one of these weird beliefs that you have about the world.

Ron: Like glass isn't real or we're just bagged.

Laura: How does the blood get out of my bones?

Ron: I don't know.

Ron: Sorry.

Laura: I just can't get over the bones, make blood.

Laura: That just feels like that is one job too many for bones to be up to.

Laura: They're in charge of us being upright and all sorts, and then it's like, can you just make the blood as well, while you're at it?

Laura: What do you need to know about blood?

Laura: Have I finished it?

Ron: Blood is basically blood and water and platelets suspended in plasma.

Ron: So as you said there, what was it?

Laura: Platelets and what?

Ron: Cells.

Ron: Erythrocytes, so red blood cells, do you know what they're for?

Laura: Oxygen.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: They carry the oxygen, so that is all they do.

Ron: And they have jettisoned everything within themselves that doesn't do that.

Ron: So red blood cells don't even have a nucleus, which means that they can't replicate, which is why they have to be made in the bone marrow.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So they are filled with a protein called haemoglobin.

Laura: I've heard of that.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: So haemoglobin is the protein that binds and carries oxygen.

Ron: Haemoglobin is made out of four parts of it.

Ron: Right.

Ron: And then each one of those is centred around an iron atom, which is where the iron in your blood is.

Laura: That sounds wrong.

Ron: Well, it's the iron in this protein that bonds with the oxygen and then keeps it and then transports it around.

Laura: The f*** did we end up with this system?

Laura: You've got to put a little bit of tiny metal river in each blood cell and then that catches the oxygen, and then that's going to get in a squashy bag and go into the this is bananas way to be alive.

Laura: There's got to be an easier way to do it than this.

Ron: Believe it or not, this is the best way that life has figured out in billions of years.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: That's cooker, isn't it?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: Red blood cells look like delicious sweeties and they come from bone caves.

Laura: They're like little pillowy NUGS and then they've got, like, a dip in the middle.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: They look like abacus beads.

Laura: Yes.

Ron: Then we have white blood cells.

Ron: There are lots of different types of white blood cells, but essentially they form kind of the backbone of your immune system.

Ron: So they will attack infection, collect antigens.

Ron: Sometimes they just kind of carpet bomb your own cells to kill the insurgents.

Ron: They have many functions and they're just.

Laura: Hanging around with the red blood cells in your blood?

Ron: Well, yeah, they float around, but they're also highly mobile and they can also fly gela, I think, silly, on white blood cells, but I might be wrong.

Ron: They're highly mobile.

Ron: They can actually slip in between other cells in between them to get into your tissues and whatnot.

Laura: So they're like the emergency services?

Ron: Yeah, absolutely.

Ron: They're so good at doing this that they do have a nucleus, but they actually have a lobed nucleus.

Ron: So the nucleus is kind of split into smaller little bits connected by bits of membrane so that it can fit through a smaller gap.

Laura: Oh, yeah.

Ron: I actually did just put wow with an exclamation mark after that, and I said it out loud and then the last bit, and the last thing we'll do today is platelets.

Ron: So these are tiny little plates.

Ron: They are fragments of larger cells that are in your bone marrow, and basically they just help your blood clot.

Ron: So they're kind of like if you have a scab, a lot of that is going to be platelets.

Laura: All right, Ron, that felt reasonable.

Ron: Yeah, that all makes sense, doesn't it?

Laura: Yeah, I just felt all the blood move from one part of my heart to the other.

Ron: Listen to those valves slap.

Laura: I wonder if you can hear mine.

Ron: No, we can't hear it.

Laura: I can.

Laura: Oh, that was loud.

Ron: All right, let's get out of here.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: We'll see you in a second for the quiz.

Laura: It's quizzing time.

Laura: Hi, Ronnie.

Laura: Honks.

Ron: Hi.

Ron: How are you doing?

Laura: Not good.

Laura: I'm all right.

Laura: I've been away sailing over the weekend.

Ron: Lovely.

Ron: With the family.

Laura: Let's see how much got squashed out of my brain.

Ron: All right, you ready?

Ron: It's twelve points spread over three questions.

Laura: All right.

Ron: This first one is worth six points in total.

Laura: Whoa.

Ron: I would like you to please describe the journey of blood through the heart, starting with the venacava.

Laura: Oh, p*** off.

Laura: I just explained to Tom downstairs hey, actually, I've got a question.

Ron: I don't know how this works.

Laura: You know how nothing is flushing about in your body?

Ron: You're not a bag of goo?

Ron: Yes.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: But your tummy is sloshy.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: You know when you drink too much tea and then you wiggle and you can hear it sloshing?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: When you drink liquids, there's liquids in you.

Ron: But I think where the departure is is that there is no surface, there's no water surface in your stomach, even in your tummy.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: No.

Laura: So how do you hear it sloshing?

Ron: Because the liquids moving around in there.

Laura: But there must be a gap then, for it to slosh.

Ron: No.

Ron: Because liquids can move even if there's.

Laura: No air, but doesn't make a sound if you shake a full bag, it doesn't slosh, does it?

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: But it might if there were hunks of chicken nuggets and stuff that you'd eaten the night before.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: The thing is, I know that in your head you're picturing some sort of anthropomorphised like swimming pool arrangement where there's like a surface level and all of the gremlins that you imagine living inside you diving in and out and stuff.

Ron: But it's not like that.

Laura: Does my stomach shrink to just nothing when it's empty then?

Ron: I think so.

Ron: Well, no, I don't think it necessarily shrinks, but in the same way that when a bag is empty, it's not got lots of air in it.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Ron: It doesn't shrink.

Ron: It will just be like flat.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: I used to think it was a table and all the food fell down, landed on the table, and then little people inside would chop it all up and then squish it down different pipes as to whether it was a pudding or vegetables and stuff.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: I think children's art around the body has a lot to answer for your mental persuasion.

Laura: Yes.

Laura: I think what I'm learning about myself is whatever the first thing I learn is that stays in and then any subsequent updates.

Laura: Like, I still keep thinking, yeah, atoms are like plum puddings.

Laura: It's so annoying to me that you taught me a wrong one because that's really state in my head.

Laura: Right.

Laura: What was this question?

Ron: Can you see the journey of blood as it goes through the heart, please?

Laura: Right.

Laura: From the vein of which vener, inferior or superior?

Laura: Who you may choose.

Laura: Okay, well, it goes in from the vein of carver into the number one pod of the heart, and that is just a holding cell for stuff.

Laura: Then I'm not sure what that says.

Laura: Something like the cuspid valve pumps it into the bottom pod, unless it came in via the inferior vein of carver, in which case it went straight into the bottom pod.

Laura: I think.

Laura: Then it goes you crack on.

Laura: Then it goes out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, slash ball bags, and then it bunnys about in the lungs, does some concentration gradient stuff.

Laura: Yes.

Ron: We're only concerning the heart.

Ron: Don't worry too much.

Laura: We're not drinking the lungs in the Alleg's.

Laura: Then it goes by the pomona vein into the top left ventribule.

Laura: Then I don't know.

Laura: Then it just goes down again through another valve, no mention of what that's called, and then hangs out in the bottom left for a bit, and then it leaves via the aorta and some saggy old veins squamous.

Ron: Are you done?

Laura: I don't think you mean Are you done?

Laura: I think you mean well done, Laura.

Laura: That's correct.

Ron: Hopefully I've given you a generous two out of six for that.

Laura: What?

Laura: I thought that was pretty thorough.

Ron: Yeah, it's just you avoided saying naming basically any part of the heart like you were going through.

Ron: Firstly, the interior and superior veneer carver.

Ron: No, they both go into the right atrium.

Ron: A word that you completely missed out of this explanation.

Ron: The inferior does not go straight into the ventricle.

Ron: You die.

Ron: Then you said the valve pumps it through into the bottom bit.

Ron: That's not even a biology word.

Ron: That's not what valves that's not what valves do.

Laura: Pumps.

Ron: Is like a one way system.

Laura: But you didn't ask me about the pumping.

Laura: I know the pumping happens from the coil.

Ron: Yeah, that's fine.

Ron: I mean, like, even if you haven't said the valve, he still didn't say atrium or ventricle or any of the tickets.

Laura: Say ventricle.

Ron: You said vestrebu.

Ron: And you said it in reference to an atrium.

Ron: You did say custard valve.

Ron: That is the name of it.

Ron: The other one is to buy Cusp.

Ron: So, banana via into Bright atrium.

Ron: What would have been one mark through the valve into the right ventricle would have been another mark goes through the pulmonary artery into the lungs.

Ron: That's one of the marks you got.

Laura: Yes.

Ron: Then through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium.

Laura: Yes, I said that.

Ron: You said into the left vest tribunal.

Laura: I said the top left one, yes.

Ron: Not enough, then through the I need.

Laura: To know that, though.

Laura: I'm not a doctor.

Ron: Because I'm asking you questions on it.

Ron: Which is why you need to know.

Laura: If I say the top left one, we know what I mean.

Ron: No, we don't.

Ron: It's quite confusing because it's not actually on the left, it's on the right.

Ron: When you look at it, it's just called the left atrium.

Ron: Because it's flipped.

Ron: Because you have a heart inside you.

Laura: Oh, then I've drawn this wrong.

Ron: Yes, you have.

Ron: I told you this last week.

Ron: Then through that valve, into the left ventricle, and then out through the bike Cusp bit, into the aorta, around and the body.

Ron: I gave you a mark for that as well.

Laura: I think you're being unnecessarily difficult about that.

Ron: I think you're being quite flippant about the format.

Laura: Fine.

Laura: Next question.

Ron: Okay.

Ron: What are the three adaptations of the lungs that we discussed last week?

Laura: They were made into a film, a Netflix series, and also a Broadway musical.

Laura: Don't just shake your head.

Laura: Silently applaud my joke adaptation.

Laura: I hate you if I have to do the science bit.

Laura: Right, you should have to join in on the comedy bit.

Ron: All right.

Ron: Do it again.

Laura: No, I'm not doing it again.

Laura: Don't patch.

Ron: Do it again.

Laura: No.

Ron: That is the question.

Ron: What are the three adaptations of the lungs that we discussed?

Laura: What does that mean?

Ron: Ron well, you know what an adaptation is in biology?

Ron: Something that can be adapted to its environment or role to do its function.

Laura: Like camouflage.

Ron: Yeah, that's an example.

Laura: No.

Laura: What do you mean?

Laura: I thought we weren't doing the lungs.

Laura: I thought we were doing the heart.

Ron: In the last question.

Ron: Yeah, but now I asked a question about the load.

Laura: Oh, hang on.

Laura: Let me turn the page.

Laura: I've got some notes on the birds.

Laura: Let's have a look.

Ron: For example, an adaptation of Birds is that their bones are hollow so that they're water, so they can fly.

Laura: Where do they make their blood?

Ron: In their bones.

Laura: So how are they hollow?

Laura: What?

Ron: I think they're full of marrow, but the bonus of them, they're kind of like a sponge on the inside.

Laura: What's the question?

Ron: Three adaptations of the lungs, please, Laura.

Laura: Large surface area.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Ding.

Ron: One point.

Laura: I mean, I don't need to explain this to you, so I'll just say suffactant.

Ron: You do need to explain.

Laura: Don'T you know?

Laura: I do feel like you don't know.

Laura: I don't know if that's like cleaning.

Laura: It sounds like a cleaning product.

Laura: I probably made that joke last week.

Laura: I've just written down, water is too strong for capillaries.

Laura: Bronx, wasn't that something about the capillaries going white?

Ron: Yes, white lung syndrome.

Ron: If they get too wet, that's what drowning is.

Laura: Well, they have sufficient in them.

Ron: They do.

Ron: But unless you can tell me what that does, I'm not giving you anything.

Laura: Oh, have they got iron in them?

Laura: Was that something we talked about?

Laura: No, an iron lung.

Laura: What's that then?

Ron: That's like when you go into a machine and it breathes for you.

Laura: Okay, how many of these do you want?

Laura: Three.

Laura: And you're not counting so factor, even.

Ron: Though it's right, that word that you've written down.

Laura: So there's loads of capillaries.

Laura: Are they wet?

Ron: Wet capillaries that are wet.

Laura: The lungs are wet.

Ron: The lungs are wet.

Ron: Why does that help?

Laura: Because diffusion happens better in a solution.

Ron: Close enough.

Ron: I'll give you a point.

Laura: Yes.

Ron: One more.

Laura: I don't know, the third one.

Ron: The blood flow we talked about lots of capillaries, lots of fresh blood for the diffusion of the gases.

Laura: Well, that's not the lungs that have done that, though.

Ron: Yes, it is.

Laura: No, it isn't.

Ron: What is doing that then?

Laura: The heart is pumping.

Ron: Yeah, the heart is pumping, but there are lots of capillaries in the lot.

Laura: Loads of capillaries surface area.

Ron: No, you said that water is too strong for the capillaries, and if they get wet, they'll go white.

Laura: I thought that's what you said happened.

Laura: I said a big service area.

Laura: And what is the service area?

Laura: It's the capillaries.

Ron: No, it's not.

Ron: It's the alveoli.

Ron: Oh, Jesus, the things that look like a bunch of grapes.

Laura: You keep saying this.

Laura: I don't even know what that means.

Ron: Yeah, and I was very generous.

Ron: I gave you a point for life.

Ron: Service area without you saying alveoli.

Ron: Two out of three on that one.

Laura: That ain't bad.

Laura: In the words of meatloaf.

Ron: And then finally, what are the three blood cells that we discussed and what are their jobs?

Laura: Oh, hang on.

Laura: No, I know this.

Laura: You've got red blood cells.

Laura: They only carry oxygen.

Laura: They've like devolved, evolved devolved to be super simple little baskets of oxygen.

Laura: The white blood cells.

Ron: I'll give you a mark for that, by the way.

Ron: That was very correct.

Ron: And also those are the ones that have the iron in them.

Ron: It's the iron that bonds with the oxygen so they can take them out.

Laura: Yes.

Laura: Via haemoglobin.

Laura: A protein.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: A globular protein.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: Then white blood cells have a lobed nucleus to help them.

Laura: Oh, yeah.

Laura: They squidge in between other cells and they're like the emergency services.

Laura: There's loads of types of white blood cells.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Define emergency services in this context.

Laura: If you need something, they'll be there.

Ron: I mean, I do.

Laura: Are they scabs?

Laura: Scabs?

Laura: White blood cells or scabs?

Ron: No, they support unions like everyone else on this podcast.

Laura: Nice.

Laura: Ron, join a union.

Laura: No, but like, if something goes wrong, the white blood cells get there.

Ron: Come on.

Ron: Just so close.

Ron: Just bring this all together and name it.

Laura: Squamous.

Ron: No, squamos are in the capillaries.

Laura: I haven't written that down, Ron.

Ron: No, you just wrote squamous.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: They fight infections.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Which is part of your immune system.

Ron: Thank the good Lord.

Ron: Yes.

Laura: I just didn't say it.

Laura: Yeah, okay.

Ron: My emergency services you might have wanted to say is they're part of your immune system.

Laura: Yeah.

Laura: Okay.

Laura: Is platelets the other one?

Ron: You tell me.

Laura: Well, it's the only other thing I've written down, but then I've also written down that platelets and blood cells are in plasma, which suggests to me that they're not a blood cell.

Ron: No, it is platelets.

Laura: Okay, good.

Laura: They help your blood clot.

Ron: Yes, they are the ones that are they're the scabs.

Ron: Yeah.

Laura: They're the union busting wankers.

Ron: Yeah.

Ron: They're basically fragments of sales that come from your bone marrow and help it clock.

Ron: All right, well, then, three out of three on that one.

Ron: So overall, you got seven out of.

Laura: Twelve over 50%, which is, I believe, a passmark at GCSE.

Laura: We can hope.

Laura: All right, all right.

Laura: I mean, please don't tell Ron, but I actually really enjoyed that episode.

Laura: Never tell him, but I think that might be one of the ones that actually felt the most practical.

Laura: Like maybe I could be a doctor, not just based off that episode.

Laura: Imagine that going into surgery and I rocked up.

Laura: No, but listen, hey, I can't remember any of the names of the stuff, but some of that's gone in, so I'm happy.

Laura: Now to business.

Laura: Before I let you go for another week of happiness, hats are officially now on sale.

Laura: You might have seen on our social media that we have invested in the three different types of hats, a couple of baseball cats and a bobble hat.

Laura: And they are on sale now.

Laura: So head to coffee.com, kofi.com, Laurelshop and you should see the three different hats for sale.

Laura: We really hope you like them.

Laura: We're really happy with how they've turned out, so please grab one if you want one.

Laura: First edition merch.

Laura: We have kept the order very minimal because as you'll appreciate being the tiniest podcast in town, we have no idea whether we'll sell one or all of them.

Laura: So we've kept it very small.

Laura: So if you do want one, grab one this week, if not today.

Laura: And we love you.

Laura: And send us pictures when it arrives and you're wearing it.

Laura: Yes, please.

Laura: We want to see that now.

Laura: I don't know how to end the episode without Ron here, because normally he'd class dismiss us.

Laura: So I don't know what to do.

Laura: Class continued.

Laura: Should we just carry on it?

Laura: Should I edit?

Laura: I don't know what to buy.

Laura: It's sad without Ron's.

Laura: Catchphrase.

Laura: Maybe I'll get him to record a video and I'll put it on the Instagram so that it is dismissed.

Laura: Otherwise we're just going to feel like we're in the lesson forever.

Laura: Anyway, have a lovely week and I love you very much.

Laura: Goodbye.